Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
objectivewasinseparablefromdefeatingtheopponent20.Ultimately,Nikolai
PetrovichMichniewicz(in1904-1907thecommanderoftheNikolaevsky
AcademyoftheGeneralStań)statedthattheoperationwastheentiretyof
combinedmilitaryforceactivitiessincethemomenttheplanningworksstarted
untiltheachievementoftheobjectivewhichhasbeenset21.
Ingeneralisation,followingHenrykHermanitcanbeassumedthatthere
werefollowingstepsofoperationevolution:
StageI-fromthemid-seventeenthcenturyuntilthesecondhalfofthe
eighteenthcentury,theoperationsconceptwassolelyidentifiedwithsingle-
entitywarfareinwar.Amanoeuvrewastheoperationprimarilycontent.
StageII-fromtheendofthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyuntilthe
mid-19thcentury.Teoperationessenceisindependentunitsmanoeuvring
inthemilitaryoperationstheatreinordertoresultinageneralbattle.
StageIII-fromthemid-nineteenthcenturyuntiltheendofWorldWarI.
Teoperationessenceistheindependentwarfareactionsconductofarmyand
frontunitsinvariousplacesandtimes,unitedbythecommonintentionto
engageandfightabattle.
StageIV-fromtheendofWorldWarIuntiltheendoftheColdWar.
Operationsareoperational-scalearmedclasheswiththeenemy.Teseare
asetofdińerentarmedforcesbranches’battlesunderone,jointcommand.
Multidimensionality,theprecisionofdeliveringfireandtheneedforan
extensiveamountofinformationateverylevel22.
Telatterconcept,withslightchanges,hasalsobeenapplicabletoday.
AccordingtoMilanVego,theoperationisaseriesofrelatedmajorandminor
tacticaloperationscarriedoutbytwoormoretrooptypesofoneormorearmed
forcesbranchessimultaneouslyand/orsequentiallyintermsoftimeandplace,
aimedatachievinganoperationalgoal.Itsometimesislimitedtoastrategic
goal.Operationsareusuallyaninherentpartofthecampaign;operationsare
plannedandexecutedaccordingtoacommonoperationalconcept(blueprint)
andcontrolledbyasinglecommander23.
20
A.Czupryński,Sztuka...,p.39;SeeA.Polak,Sztuka...,p.228.
21
See:A.Polak,Sztuka...,p.228.
22
Cf.H.Herman,Genezasztukioperacyjnej,Warsaw1992.
23
Compare,M.Vego,Jointoperationalwarfare:theoryandpractice,Newport2009,p.V-33.
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