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Introduction
9
emotionalintelligencehowever,signifiestheabilityofapersontopro-
cessemotionalinformation(whichcanbeconsideredasasubclassof
behaviouralinformation)concerningbothothersaswellasoneself.
Socialandemotionalintelligenceandtheabilitiesthatconstitutethem
arestillnotdecisiveontheirownineffectivefunctioning;theyonly
formthefoundationforthedevelopmentoftheskillsofcopinginreal
lifesituations.Thesetoftheseskillsthatfacilitatedealingwithother
peopleandwithoneselfparticularlyindifficultsocialandtasksitua-
tionsarereferredtoassocialandemotionalcompetencies.Theprefe-
rencesregardingthemethodoftheiroperationalisationinresearchgo
handinhandwiththeabovementionedwayofapproachingthediffe-
rencesexistingbetweentheconceptsof“intelligence”and“compe-
tencies”.Thebestwaytomeasuresocialoremotionalintelligence
seemstobethroughobjectivetestsinvolvingproblemsolvingactivi-
tiesconnectedwithhumanbehaviourorreactions.Competencies,on
theotherhand,aretheskillsofcopinginreallifesituations,arere-
vealedinthisveryway,whichiswhyitisbettertomeasurethemwith
theuseofratingscalesorself-descriptivequestionnairesbasedonob-
servationsorself-observationsoftherespondent’sbehaviourinthese
situations.Ithastobeacknowledged,however,thatcompetenciesare
shapedwiththeparticipationofintelligenceandare,toadegree,de-
pendentonit.Competenciescanthereforebetreatedasanindirect
indicatorofintelligence.Thisjustifiesthemeasurementofsocialand
emotionalintelligencewiththeuseofaquestionnaire.Itisworth
pointingoutthattheextent,towhichconclusionsconcerningintelli-
genceandcompetenciesonthebasisofquestionnairescanbedrawn,
dependsonthenatureoftheitems.However,thereisnoroomatpres-
entforfurtherattentiontobedevotedtothisissue.
Inthemajorityofresearchpresentedinthisbook,theSocialCom-
petenceQuestionnaire(KKS)byAnnaMatczakwasusedformeasur-
ingsocialcompetencies.IntheKKStherespondentsevaluatehow
welltheycopewithperformingvarioussocialactionsortasks.The
DINEMOquestionnaire(Two-DimensionalInventoryofEmotional
Intelligence)byAnnaMatczak,AleksandraJaworowska,AnnaCiecha-
nowicz,JoannaStańczakandEwaZalewska,wasusedtomeasure