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30
PreliminaryPart
States.FailurebytheCommunityinstitutionsandauthoritiesofEUMember
Statestheprincipleofuniformregulationofbindingworkrelationships–those
inwhichtheyarenationalsofanationalemployer,thecitizensofotherMember
Statesandthirdcountrynationalsemployedinthecountrybydomesticorby
foreignemployers–accordingtoEuropeanCommission–isregardedasahighly
negativecondition,wherebythediferentnationalrulesofsubstantivelabourlaw
areapplicabletoregulatelabourrelationsintheEuropeanUnion.TeEuropean
Commissionproposesuniformrulesforresolvingconflictsofnationalsubstan-
tivelabourlawstandardstoensurethatallemployeesunderlabourrelationsin
MemberStatecountriesoftheEUhavethesamelegalsituation.Tisstateofaf-
fairscanensurelexlocilaboris,therulesaccordingtowhichlabourrelationsinthe
MemberStatesshouldbegovernedbyprovisionsoflabourlawinforceinthose
countrieswheretheworkisdone.Uniformityofregulatingbindingworkrela-
tionswithintheEUaccountedforconditiosinequanontheexistenceofacommon
market.Forthisreason,thedraftregulationsubmittedbytheEuropeanCommis-
sionhasappliedwithoutexceptiontoallemploymentrelationships.Infact,the
Commissionsoughttoeliminatealldiferencesintreatmentbetweentheparties
tobindingemploymentrelationships,irrespectiveofwhetherornottherewere
foreignelementspresent.
Inthedraftregulation,whichconsistedofeightprovisionswhichcontainthe
conflictoflawrulesgoverningconflictsofnationalsubstantivelabourlaw,the
principleswerepresentedasfollows.InArticle1ofthedraftregulationitwas
decideduniversalapplicationtoallemploymentrelationshipswastobeadapted,
underwhicheachparty,regardlessofnationality,isrequiredtofillintheEurope-
anUnionMemberStateobligationsunderacontractofemploymentandlabour
law.TeprovisionofArticle1ofthedraftregulationof1976definesthescope
ofapplyingsubjectiveandobjectiveconflictoflawnorms.All,withoutexcep-
tion,labourrelations,inthetypicalandnon-typicalcontractsandestablishedon
groundsotherthanacontractofemployment,aswellaslabourrelations,which
occurredwithoutgrounds,designatedundertheprovisionsoflabourlaw,forex-
ample,byengagingemployeesintheteamofemployeesbyaparticularemployer
wassubjecttotheprovisionsofthisregulation.Inparticular,theproposedregula-
tionwouldalsoregulateconflictsoflegalnormsinforceinthird,countriesused
forregulatinglabourrelationsinwhichtheyarenationalsofthesecountrieswith
anyemployeremployingworkerslawfullyinEUMemberStates.Inclarifyingthe
contentandmeaningoftheregulationusedinArticle1ofthedraftregulation,it
clearlystatedthatneitherthenationalityoftheindividualpartiestolabourrela-
tions,northeplaceinwhichthecontractwassignedarelegallyrelevant.Ofthe
aforementionedforeignelements,whichrequiretheemploymentrelationshipto
theselectionorusedeterminantstoindicatechoiceoflawrulesthatdetermine
theproperuseofnationalsystemsofsubstantivelabourlawisthemostimportant
locationoftheplaceofwork.WorkplacelocatedinanEUMemberStatemakes