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JakubDohnal
realproperty2.Thisdichotomythennaturallydisturbedlegalcertaintyof
partiestoajudicialproceeding,anditpracticallypreventedapplicationof
theprincipleoflegitimateexpectation.
AnotherproblemofpreviouscodesofContractwassurelyexcessive
emphasizingofimportanceofthephenomenonofcertaintyoflegalacts
andadutytoperformtheminacertainform,subjecttofulfilmentoftype
elementsofsomecontracts.Eventhoughitwasstipulatedintheoriginal
CivilCodethatiftherewasreceivedperformanceofastatute-barreddebtor
adebtinvalidonlyduetothelackoftheformitisnotconsideredasunjust
enrichment,theCivilCodepunishedsomecontractsstrictlybyinvalidity
incaseofformaldrawbacks.
WiththankswemayacknowledgetheprovisionofS.574NOZpro-
vidingforthatlegalactsmustbeconsideredrathervalidthaninvalid.Itis
evidentthatitisnecessarytoestablishcontractualrelationsbetweenentities
ofthecontractualrelationsprimarilyvalidly,however,itisalwaysnecessary
torememberacertainlevelofjustice.
WiththenatureofthenewLawofObligationstherecorresponds―as
themainprinciple―arulethatitispertinenttosearchratherreasonsfor
validityoflegalactingthanforitsinvalidity(theprincipleofpotiusvaleat
actusquampereat).Therefore,suchprincipleisexpresslyformulatedas
thefirstlegalruleintroducingtheprovisionforinvalidityoflegalacting.
Newlylaiddownpreferenceofvalidityoflegalactingoveritsinvalidity
issignificantwithregardtothefactthatapersistingtraditionofformalistic
perceptionofthelaw,builtonfoundationsofthelocaldoctrineofthe50s
andparticularly60sand70softhelastcenturystillfollowsoppositetrends
beingreflectedbothinlegalpractice,andespeciallyinthecourt’spractice.
Fromthisconcept―correspondingbasicallywithtotalitarianlegalthink-
ingandformerneedofthetotalitarianstatetobullyone!sprivatelife,the
recodifiedprivatelawmusthavestrictlydeviated.
Fundamentalviewthatitismainlynecessarytorespecttheactualwill
oftheactingpersonisalsoexpressedbytheprovisionwherebyitwaspro-
posedtolaydownthatiftheinvalidlegalactinghaselementsofanother
legalactingwhichisvaliditmaybereliedonifitisevidentfromcircum-
stancesthatitexpressesthewilloftheactingperson.Inthisrespectthere
isimplementeds.41asubsec.1oftheoldCivilCode.
Since2014,legalregulationofcommercialobligationshasbeencon-
solidatedwithinoneCode,andtheContractLawisvirtuallycompletely
regulatedintheCivilCode.IntheActonBusinessCorporationsthecontract
typesarenotregulatedatall,thesameappliestotheprocessofconclusion,
2K.Eliášetal.:CivilCode―BigAcademicCommentary.Prague,LindePrahaa.s.,
2008,p.305.
