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2.Thetheory
27
ratherthanconstitutingarandomaggregate.Therefore,acategoryisa“dy-
namicrelationamongselectiveemphases,coordinates,andatleastonepointof
view”(MacLaury1997:181).Therelationisdynamicbecauseoftheprocesses
ofzoominginandout,theselectiveemphasesrelatetodegreesofatentionto
eitherSorD;coordinatesarefixedreferencepointsandtheS-or-Drelations
betweenthem;apointofviewisanarrangementoftheabove,i.e.avantage.
Howarethediferencesbetweenthedominantandtherecessivevantages
manifestedinacolourcategory?Figure1-5showstheresultsofthenamingand
focus-selectionproceduresfortheCOOLcategoryinZulu(cf.Figure1-3above).
hlaza(dominant)
kosazana(recessive)
Figure1-5.NamingandfocusingofthecoolcategoryinZulu(Bantugroup,Niger-Congo
family)(receivedbytheauthorfromRobertE.MacLaury)
ChipsF29andF17arewhatMacLaurycallselementalblueandgreen,i.e.
“thepurest,mostintenseperceptions”ofthesehues(MacLaury1997:467
5
).C17
andG28arefoci.
Ascanbeobservedinthefigure,thedominanthlazanames62chips,asop-
posedto56fortherecessivekosazana,butitonlyspans20columnsvs.25that
kosazanaspans.(Althoughtherecessivevantageneednotspanalargerarea
thanthedominantvantage,andusuallyitdoesnot,thephenomenonisfre-
quentenoughtodeserveexplanationandcomment,providedbelow.)Further,
hlazaisfocusedinG28,whichisverynearelementalblueinF29,whereaskosa-
zana’sfirstfocus(thesecondfocusbeingdisregardedforthepresentpurposes)
5
Elementalcoloursare“thepurest,mostintenseperceptionsofred,yellow,green,blue,
whiteandblack”(MacLaury1997:467),althoughblackandwhitearetraditionallynottreatedas
colours.ThetermisMacLaury’scoinageandisbasedonMillerandWooten’s(1990)elemental
hues,plustheachromaticblackandwhite(thesixelementalcoloursarerecognizedas“fire-
enginered”
,“chromeyellow”
,“kellygreen”
,“trueblue”
,“snowwhite”and“jetblack”
,MacLaury
1997:467).