Treść książki

Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
PRELIMINARIES
Basicassumptions
Linguisticformscanbecomparedtoaffordances(i.e.,possibilitieswhichare
latentintheenvironmentandofwhichweareaware,cf.Gibson1977/2014).
Thismeansthatfromawiderepertoireofmeaningsascribedtoforms,language
userschoosethosewhicharecontextuallyviable.Thisisthepointatwhich
pragmaticcompetence(henceforthPC)comestothefore.PCinvolvesHthe
knowledgeandskillsneededtounderstandthemeanings,assumptions,and
actionsconveyedbylanguageinitsparticularsocioculturalcontextandtouse
itcorrespondinglytotheseinterpretations”(Szczepaniak-Kozak2016a:197),
whichalwaysentailsmakingchoices.Notably,languageusersareconstrained
intheirlinguisticchoicesbysocialconventions,whichHcanbeflexedtodif-
ferent,contextuallyvaryingdegreesbutnotentirelysetasideattheperilof
losingclaimstoface,insiderstatus,orsanity”(KasperandRose2002a:3).
Therearealsoimportantdifferencesbetweensuchconventionsrepresented
bynativespeakersofagivenlanguageandlearnersofthesamelanguage.Na-
tivespeakersacquirenormsofinteractionandappropriateselectionsofthe
availableresourcesthroughtheprocessofenculturation.Foreignlanguage
learnersalsoneedtopossesstheknowledgeofthetargetlanguage(hence-
forthTL)andtheunderlyingcontextualandsocioculturalfeaturesinorderto
communicateappropriatelyandeffectively.Inshort,theyneedtoacculturate.
However,theirlearningishinderedbytheconsiderablyimpoverishedprag-
maticinputcharacteristicoftheforeignlanguageclassroom(cf.Ellis1994).
Consequently,thebasicassumptionofthisbookisthatlearningaforeign
languageveryoftenamountstomasteringphonological,morphological,
syntacticandsemanticformswithoutHhavingacomparablecontroloverthe
pragmaticusesofthelanguage”(Salazar-Campillo2008:207).
Theexistingresearchonthepragmaticsrepresentedbyforeignlanguage
learnersdoesnotofferaconsiderableassistancetoforeignlanguageinstruc-
tors,becauseittendstoconcentrateonpragmalinguisticcomparisonsoflan-
guageoutputcomingfromnativeandnon-nativespeakers.Partly,thismay
bethereasonwhyteachersdevelopatendencytofocusontheirlearners’lex-