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Preliminaries
mentionedthatthereisaheavyimbalancebetweenproduction(output)and
developmental(learning)studies.Thetendencytowardstudyingpragmatics
usefromacomparativeratherthandevelopmentalangleisveryaptlyex-
pressedbyBardovi-Harlig(1999:679):HNotonly[is]interlanguagepragmat-
icsnotfundamentallyacquisitional,butit[is],infact,fundamentallynotac-
quisitional”.Despitethefactthatthesewordswerepublishedin1999,atthe
timeofthiswriting,tothebestofmyknowledge,notmuchhaschangedand
researchers’preferenceforcontrastivestudiesofsecond/foreignlanguage
usecontinuestosetthetoneinthisresearchdomain(cf.Taguchi2017b).Con-
sequently,researchenablingadeeperandmorenuancedunderstandingof
learningpragmaticsofaforeigntongueisstillinshortsupply.
Mostoftheexistingstudiesthatcomefromresearchersbusyingthem-
selveswithPoleslearningsecondorforeignlanguagesarecross-culturally
orcross-linguisticallyoriented,e.g.,Arabski(1979and2004),Wierzbicka
(1985and1991/2003),Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk(1989),Herbert(1991),Ka-
lisz(1993),Lubecka(1993and2000),Jaworski(1994),Ronowicz(1995),Ogi-
ermann(2009a,b).Someresearchlaidpseudo-longitudinalemphasis(Han
andSelinker2005)byapplyingacross-sectionaldesign,e.g.,Arabski(1979),
Rakowicz(2009),JodłowiecandUrban(2010),orbycollectingsamplesfrom
trilingualandbilingualPoles(Włosowicz2011).Nonetheless,thereisacon-
siderablelacunainresearchonhowPolesdevelopPCinasecondorforeign
language(Chłopek2011:242).Forexample,insynthesizingresearchreports
onILPconductedbyBardovi-Harlig(2010:223,227)andLi(2016)nostudies
ofPolishlearnersofEFLarementioned,andthusthisgroupoflearnersand
researchconcerningthemcanbeconsideredun-orunder-represented.
Studyaims
Ontheabove-mentionedgrounds,thisworkconstitutesanattemptto
fllthisgapbyprovidingtheoreticalandempiricaldiscussionoflearning
pragmaticcompetenceinaforeignlanguage.Inparticular,itisintendedto
beathought-provokingpieceofworkonhowPolishlearnersofEnglishare
influencedintheiruseofspeechactsinthetargetlanguagebytheirnative
cultureandlanguageandhowtheirpragmaticoutputchangesinnon-inter-
ventionallearningsettingsoveranextendedperiodoftheiruniversitylearn-
ing.Notably,itanalyzesnon-nativestudents’speechactperformanceand
attemptstoidentifysystematicsequencesandpatternsintheirPCdevelop-
ment.Inthisway,itattemptstocontributetotheongoingdebateonwhich
aspectsanddevelopmentalpatternsinnon-nativespeechactperformance
areuniversalandwhicharelanguage-specifc.Theselingeringchallengesare