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Preliminaries
icalandgrammaticalcompetenceandnotpragmaticcompetence.Itisargued
here,however,thatinthemajorityofcases,phonological,syntactic,lexicalor
semanticerrorsmadebynon-nativespeakers(henceforthNNS)areregarded
assignsofalowcommandoftheTLanddismissed,whilepragmaticinade-
quacyisfrequentlyinterpretedbynativespeakers(henceforthNS)asrude-
nessoralackofcare.Furthermore,andmoreimportantly,inmanyinstances,
apragmaticerrormaymakeeffectivecommunicationimpossible.This,in
consequence,eitherleadstoorstrengthensmutuallyunfavorablestereotyp-
ing(SabatéiDalmauandCurreliGotor2007:288)andsometimescauses
aggressivereactions.Moreoftenthannotanunintentionalinsultfollows,
and,inthecaseofrequests(i.e.,theoperationalizationofthepresentresearch
project),sodoestheirrefusal.
Basicterms
Pragmaticsasadomainwithinsecondand/orforeignlanguagelearning
studiesisusuallyreferredtoasinterlanguagepragmatics(henceforthILP),
byanalogywithinterlanguagelexiconorgrammar.ILPresearchseekstode-
scribeandexplainlearners’transitionalcompetence(Corder1967)-interlan-
guage-inthisregard.Itisawideavenueofresearchwhichcanbeunder-
stoodasencompassingtwosubfelds:(1)thatofanon-nativeproductionand
comprehensionofpragmaticfeatures,1and(2)thatofnon-nativepragmatic
competencedevelopment.Thisbookconcentratesonthelatter.Itinvestigates,
specifcally,howPolishspeakersoftheEnglishlanguagelearntounderstand
andperformactionsinthetargetlanguageanddelvesintotheirtransitional
competenceinthisarea.Relatedly,itseekstoanswerthequestionofwheth-
ertherearesystematicgroupsofpragmaticfeaturesinPolishEFLlearners’
pragmaticoutputthatcanbesubsumedunderacquisitionalstages,processes
andrelatedfeatures.IinterpretastageofPCacquisitiononthebasisofBardo-
vi-Harlig’sdefnitionofstagesintheacquisitionoftemporalexpressions.In
herview,astageisHadevelopmentalperiodthatcanbecharacterizedbythe
useofaparticularfeature”(Bardovi-Harlig2000:13)orfeaturesinthepresent
work.Thus,tryingtopulltogetherdifferenttopicsandorientationsinaprin-
cipledway,thisbookdoesnothaveimmediateprecursorsintheareaofthe
interlanguagepragmaticsofPolishspeakersofEnglishasaforeignlanguage
(henceforthEFL).
OnemayarguethatobservingPCdevelopmentisadauntingendeavor
becauseittracesapathoferrors.However,therearestrongargumentsforthe
1
Pragmaticfeatureistheoperationalizationofpragmaticcompetenceinagivenstudy
(Li2016:593).Itoftenreferstotheunitofanalysisinpragmaticsresearch.