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AdelaBarabasz,GrzegorzBełz
Consideringdiversityofmanagementteams,Hurst,RushandWhite[1989]
noticedtwodecadesagothattheprocessandprescribedfunctionsofmanagement
teamscreatingnewstrategiesarelimitedanddonottakeadvantageofthefullrange
ofhumancognitiveabilities.Strictlystructuredandrationalframeworkisnotso
muchincorrectasitisincomplete.Abroaderperspectiveonthetopmanagement
process,anenhancedmodel,takingmorecompleteadvantageofthehumanpotential,
couldhelpbridgethegapbetweentheappropriatefunctionoftheexecutiveandthe
make--upofthetopmanagementgroup[Hurst,RushandWhite1989,p.88].
Aforementionedauthorsproposetheirmodel,whichisbuiltonthephilosophical
assumptionthattherealworldwhichsurroundstheorganizationisadynamicconstruct
enactedbythemembersoftheorganizationovertime.ThisviewissharedbyWeick
[1979,p.228],asheexplains:“theenvironmentisviewedasanoutputratherthan
aninput.Onthebasisofenactmentsandinterpretationspeopleconstructabelated
pictureofsomeenvironmentthatcouldhaveproducedtheseactions”.Organizational
realities,likepersonalrealities,consistofcomplexinteractionsoftheobjective,
tangible(“outthere”)andthesubjectivecognitive(“inhere”)elements[Hurst,Rush
andWhite1989,p.89].Tobetterunderstandacomprehensiveorganizationalworld,
wesuggesttakingintoaccountsomeemotionalaspectsofmanager’spersonalityand
transferencephenomenonasaspecialfeatureofrelationsbetweensubordinatesand
superiors.Hereanotionofanorganizationalpersonalityisveryuseful.Weuseit
fordescribingadynamicforcesofinternalworldoforganization.Itcanbeassumed
thathiddenmechanismslieatthebottomoforganizationalbehaviors,determining
thoughts,beliefs,behaviors,attitudes,andalsowaysofmanagingwithdifficult
situationspresentedbythemembersofanorganization.Anideaoforganizational
personalityisbasedontheassumptionthatpersonalityanditsmechanismsviewed
fromthepsychoanalyticperspectiveconsistofakindofsuperiorinstanceregulating
theinternallifeofanorganization.Theterm“internallifeofanorganization”should
beunderstoodliterally,asitconsistsofphenomenaandmechanismsoperatingon
thelevelofunconsciousness,whichdeterminethecourseofgroupprocesses,and
alsothewayofperceivingone’sowngroupandtheotherindividuals.Fromthe
managementperspective,acrucialelementisautomaticreactions,occurringinthe
situationsofuncertaintyandthreat.Thelatterones,bytheirnaturetriggerfearand
uncertainty,whichconsequentlyleadstothereadinesstofightorescape[Stapley
1996;Barabasz2008].
3.Thephenomenonoftransference
intherelationsuperior-subordinate
Tounderstandtheprocessestakingplaceinanorganization,andespeciallythe
specificrelationwhichoccursbetweensubordinatesandtheirsuperior,itishelpful
torefertooneofthemostimportantnotionsinthepsychoanalytictheory–thenotion
oftransference.Itisbasedontheassumptionthatpeoplebringtoeveryrelation,
