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Managementtriumvirateinprocessesofcorporaterenewal
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especiallyanimportantone,someaspectsoftheirpersonality,whichhavebeen
formedintherelationswiththeirfirstsignificantpeople,i.e.withparents.Members
ofanorganizationbehaveinthewayspecificforthemintheirrelationwiththe
superior,reflectingunconscious,unrealizedneeds,feelings,emotionsanddesires
(see[Kernberg1979;KetsdeVries1980;KetsdeVriesandMiller1984;Ketsde
VriesandMiller1986;Czander1993;Gabriel2004]).Eachsuperior,byvirtueof
possessingpower,hasinfluenceontheemotionallifeoftheirsubordinates;andat
thesametime,becomesanobjecttowhichindividualandgroupemotionsandneeds
(amongothers,dependentones)areaddressed.Theyarepeoplearoundwhomstrong
emotionsandattitudes,suchascompetitivenessandenvy,loveandhate,passionand
rage,andalsofearsanddesires,areconcentrated.Ontheotherhand,asuperioralso
bringsintoeachrelationtheirownunconsciouscontents,becausetheyhadparents
aswell,relationswithwhomformedtheirlife,too.
Therelationsuperior-subordinateismarkedbysomeamountofrejectedor
denied,enviousaggression,desiretofighttheauthority,andalsofearofpunishment,
allremainingintheunconsciousness[Czander1993,p.22].Subordinatesidentifying
withaleaderinternalizetheiradmiredfeatures,reducingtheiraggressivefeelingsdue
toit.Freud[1993]believedthateverygroup,andalsoanorganization,isboundby
libidinalenergy,whichisinitiallyconcentratedonaleader.AccordingtoFreud,the
mostimportantmechanismfortherelationsuperior-subordinateisthemechanismof
identificationandintrojectionofasubordinate’sidealizedconceptionsofaleader,
totheegoideal.Throughtheprocessofidentification,theleaderisintrojectedto
theegoidealbyeachmemberofagroup,whichenablesmembersofthegroupto
identifynotonlywiththeleader,butalsowiththewholegroup.Leader,settingtasks
formembersofagroup,makethemtransferpartofthisenergytothetaskset;andas
aresult,lessenergyisdirectedtomutualbondsbetweenmembersofthegroup,and
betweenthemandtheleader.Willingtoensureasufficientlevelofenergyinagroup,
aleadermust“import”itfromtheoutside,andthenuseitforstrengtheninghisor
herposition[Gabriel2004].Obviously,somewayofsustainingleadershipwould
benotgivingorders,butontheotherhand,itwouldraiseconflictwithformalgoals
andtasksthatagrouphastoexecute.Whatisleft,isthenecessityofcontinuous
undertakingactionsservingbalancingtheenergyinagroup.
4.Managementperspectivetriumvirateofarchetypicalroles
Webelievethatinthefieldofmanagementtheory,meaningfulpsychological
characteristicsofmanagementteamsmightbedescribedbymeansofarchetypesof
executiveroles.Thefactthattheproblemoftheimportanceandmeaningofthekey
executiverolesisnotsoobvious,iswellillustratedbythequestionaboutthedifference
betweenmanagersandleaders,whichwasraisedinthe1970sbyA.Zaleznik(see
[Zaleznik2004]).Adecadelater,adifferentwayofconductingtheoreticalstudies
waspopularized,relatedtodifferentiatingmanagersandentrepreneurs,intermsof