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1.1WhatisWeb2.0?
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Figure1.1:ThemapofWeb2.0
assharingthedata.Onecanhardlychallengethispoint.Theimmensesuc-
cessofservicessuchasGoogleSearch,GoolgeMaps,Facebook,Amazon,
andmanyothers,liesprimarilyinenablingaccesstotheseservicesviaopen
APIs.Opennessandaccessibilityofbothservicesanddataallowthousands
ofexternalcontributorstodevelopvalue-addedsolutionsontopofexist-
ingsystems.Asanexample,considerthehugelysuccessfulsocialnetwork
Facebook[137].InonlysixmonthsdatingfromthelaunchofFacebook
Platform,theopenAPItocreateapplicationsthatcanbemergedwith
FacebookpersonalpagesorthatutilizecoreFacebookfeatures,thenumber
ofapplicationscreatedbyexternalcontributorsexceeded10000!Asanother
example,considerYahoo!Pipes[170],amash-upfeedaggregatorthatallows
userstocreateverticalsearchapplicationsmerginghundredsofdatasources
intooneflowoflogicanddata.Today,thousandsofpipesexistthataggre-
gatenewsanddatafeedsfromplacessodiverseasthephotosharingservice
Flickr,theweatherforecastserviceprovidedbyUSNationalOceanicand
AtmosphericAdministration,stockquotesfromGoogleFinance,orpersonal
favoritemusiclistsscratchedfromiTunesfeeds.Thisre-usalofdataandser-
vicescreatesincrediblesynergyofWeb2.0services.Thethirdrulebasically
departsfromdeprecatedsoftwarearchitectures,suchastheclient-serverar-
chitecture,andadvocatestheadoptionofmulti-tierandservice-orientedar-
chitectures,wheresoftwarecomponentsactlikeautonomousagentscommu-
nicatingandexchangingdata.Thisruleismainlydictatedbyunprecedented
advancesinpersonalandmobilecomputinghardware.Thepaceofinnova-
tioninthesedevicesmakessoftwaredevelopmentwindowverytightand,
effectively,dictatestheneedtodevelopsoftwareindependentlyofacurrent
hardwareplatform.Thefourthruleistheaxiomofopensourcecommunity.
Themainideaisthattheprofitandcompetitiveadvantageliesnotinpro-
prietaryclosedcode,butininnovation,adaptation,andeaseofapproval.
