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1111THECOMMUNICATIONPROCESSTHEESSENCE,ELEMENTSANDTHEIRMEANING
theresearcher,communicationisaculturalprocessthatdeterminesthedurabilityand
continuityofaspecificculture;itgivesitsmembersasenseofidentity(Kłosowska
1981;Hajduk-Nijakowska2012).Moreover,intheinterpretationcreatedbyKłosowska,
communicationistheprocessoftransmittingcontentfromthesource(center),whichhas
aspecificsymbolicdimensionintheformofsignsaddressedtotherecipient.Therecipient’s
taskistoreadthesesignsandanswerusingsymbolsspecifictothem(Kłosowska1981).
Asimilardefinitionof“communication”isgivenbyCarassaandColombetti(2015),
whoindicatethatitisasocialinteractionbetweenpeopleinordertoprovideandreceive
information.Inthisway,communicationisalsodefinedbyMłynek(2012),whoaddsthat
itisalwaysassociatedwithaspecificcultureandsystemofsigns.Whatismore,Leach
(2010)indicatesthatculturecommunicates,andthankstoitselements,individualswho
belongtoitcommunicateinformationthroughsignsthatarecharacteristicofit.Wyatt
(2014),inturn,callscommunicationaninstrumentforsendinginformationandconnecting
peopleintogroups,whichisalsorelatedtoculturaldifferences.
Theanalysisofthesourceliteratureallowsforstatingthatinmostcasestheauthors
definecommunicationasaprocessandemphasizeitspurposeofprovidinginformation
andexchangingviews.SuchawayofinterpretationinPolishliteratureispresented,
amongothers,alsobyDobek-Ostrowska(2004),forwhomthecommunicationprocess
istheexchangeofthoughts,views,inotherwords:communicationbetweenindividuals
andgroups.Understandingcommunicationasaprocessinvolvingthetransmissionof
information,aswellasothersymbolsisintheorycalledtransmissionmodel(Taranko
2015).AsimilardefinitioncanbefoundinLunenburg’s(2010)studies,forwhomthecom-
municationprocessisthetransferofinformationandmutualunderstandingoftheindi-
vidualstakingpartinit,aswellasinMiller’s(2004),whoemphasizesthetransmission
ofinformationasthemaingoalofcommunication.Griffin,LedbetterandSparks(2015),
inturn,describecommunicationasarelationalprocessofcreatingandinterpreting
informationthattriggerstheneedofresponse.
Thecommunicationprocessisintheareaofinterestofmanyscientificdisciplines
-philosophy,sociology,psychology,economics,aswellaspoliticalscienceorcognitive
science.Whatdotheinterpretationsofcommunicationamongthedisciplinesmentioned
haveincommon?Certainlythefactthatthecontentconveyedinthecommunication
processisreferredtoasamessage(Mattelart2001,p.21).Inthismonograph,commu-
nicationisinterpretedasaprocessoftransferringandexchanginginformationbetween
participants,thatisindividualpersons,groupsofpeople,organizationsandinstitutions
(includingenterprises)inaspecificcontext.Communicationanditscharacterdependon
theexistenceofentitiesparticipatinginit,i.e.aminimumoftwoentities-thesender
andtherecipient(seeFigure1).
Thesenderisthesubjectinthecommunicationprocessthatformulatesthemessage
andtransfersittotherecipientviatheappropriatechannel(orseveralchannels).Inasit-
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