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CHAPTER11MARKETINGCOMMUNICATIONINTHELIGHTOFINTERNETDEVELOPMENTTHEORETICAL111
betweencollectiveentities(seeTable1).Referringtotheabovetypesofcommunication
andconsideringInternettools,Wach-Kąkolewicz(2005)proposedthefollowingclassi-
fication:mediacommunication(withmediationofmediaandnewinformationtechnol-
ogies),verbalcommunication(newtechnologiesenablingaudioandvideotransmission)
andwrittencommunication(text,whereindividualscommunicateusingspecifictools,
e.g.e-mail,writtenlanguage).
Table1.Typesofcommunication
Criterion
Thenatureofcontact
betweencommunication
participants
Typeofcommunication
participants
Source:ownstudy.
Typesofcommunication
Directcontact
Directcommunication
Throughthemedia
Indirectcommunication
People
Interpersonal
communication
Organizations/Groupsof
participants
Masscommunication
Inthesourceliteraturetherearemanywaysofinterpretationoftheterm“commu-
nication”.OneofthefirstmethodswaspresentedinthelastcenturybyCooley(1909),
accordingtowhomcommunicationisawaytomaintainanddevelopinterpersonal
relations.Lasswell(1948),inturn,claimedthattheconceptof“communication”canbe
explainedbyansweringfivebasicquestions:1)who?(informationsourceorsender);2)
whatdotheysay?(message);3)usingwhatchannel?(mediumofcommunication);4)to
whom?(auditoriumorrecipient);5)withwhateffect?(degreeofunderstandingandaction).
TheclassicmodelofeffectivecommunicationcreatedbyShannonandWeaver(1949)
postulatesthatthemessagesentbythesenderismoreeffectivewhenitsuitstheinterloc-
utor’sneedsandpreferences(itisadaptedtothem),i.e.inasituationwherethedecoded
messagecorrespondswiththeencodedmessage.Whilethemodelofeffectivecommu-
nicationfocusesonthemessage(message,information),McLuhan(1964)emphasizes
theimportanceofthemediausedduringcommunication:themediumisthemessage,
whichindicatestheneedtousethetypeofmediathattherecipientprefers.
Insubsequentdefinitions,Dewey(1989),similartoCooley(1909),emphasized
thattheexistenceofsocietyisbasedoncommunication(informationtransfer)(Dewey
1989).DeFleurandDeFleur(2009)alsoindicatedthesocialmeaningofcommunication.
Accordingtothem,throughcommunication,anindividualexpressestheattitudesand
behaviorscharacteristicofthespecificgrouptowhichtheybelong(Kemoni2004;De-
Fleur,DeFleur2009).
Thereferencetocultureanditscharacteristicsigns(semioticvalue)canbefound
inthewayofinterpretingthecommunicationpresentedbyKłosowska.Accordingto
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