Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
1)Individualcharacteristicsofspeakers(physicalfeatures,e.g.genderand
age,anatomicalphysiological),psychologicalfactors(personality),
linguisticaspects(individualknowledgeoflanguage,social:style,
dialect),neurophysiological(e.g.emotions,stress);
2)Discourseconditions:(purposeofconversation:e.g.exam,discussion,
information);
3)Communicationfunctions(cognitive,social,affective,regulatory,
presentation):cognitive-afunctionrelatedtobasicinformationthatthe
speakercommunicates;affective-correspondstofeelingsandattitudes;
social-signalsmembershipofaparticularsocialgroup,profession,
region;regulatory-relatedtocooperationbetweenthespeakerandthe
recipient,enablesconversationcontrol,e.g.interruptionofspeech;
presentation-thespeakerintentionallysuggestssomepersonalitytraits,
e.g.domination;
situational
(stressful
4)External:
a)
communication
factors,
e.g.notexpectedquestion),b)environmental(e.g.Lombardeffect,
cocktailpartyeffect,understandablecrosstalk,atmosphericfactors,
pollution,temperature,timerestrictions),technical(e.g.microphone,
acoustictrack,place,distancebetweeninterlocutors).
Figure1showssourcesofvariabilityinconversationspeech.
Figure1.Sourcesofspeechvariabilityinconversationbetweentwospeakers:
speakerAandspeakerB.
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