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8
Introduction
helpusbyopeningourmindstounderstandinghumannatureanddestiny,asLudwig
vonMisesperceiveditsfunction.Theresearchachievementsofvarioustrendsin
moderneconomicsandothersciencesarealreadysogreatthatthereisnoneedfor
pessimism.
Thankstotheintegratedapproachlinkedtohistoricalanalysis,wecanassessthe
consequencesofthegameofinterestsfromtheperspectiveoftheentirespaceof
developmentgoalsinanunbiasedway.Wealsohavethechancetotakeadvantage
ofthebestofourexperienceofusingreasonandemotionstosolveproblems,andnot
toforgetabouttheimportanceofcontextualfactorsinachievingdevelopmentgoals,
coincidenceandtheriskofextremelyrareeventscapableofchangingthecourse
ofhistory.
Historyisasourceofredflags.However,onemustlearntoreadthemanddistin-
guishwhatistemporaryinitsnaturefromwhatcanlastforcenturies.Reformsthat
supporttheefficiencyofthesesystemscannotbecarriedoutwithouttheknowledge
thatinstitutionsformastructurewithadiversifiedhorizonofaction,andtheirmod-
ernisationispossible,buttheoperationofnewinstitutionsdecreedbyreformsis
conditioned,amongothers,byattachmentoftherulesofthinkingandactiontothe
trailofhistory.
Withoutreliablehistoricalknowledge,scholars’prescriptionscaneasilybecome
wishes,andreformsreferringtothemsoonerorlaterturntobedisappointing.This
wasproveninexperimentswithnon-private,centrallyplannedeconomiesthatwere
completelydetachedfromhistoricalexperience.Disregardingthespecificityofthe
conditionofculturalcapitalandtherestrictionsresultingtherefromalsotookplace
inthecaseoftheconceptoftransitiontocapitalismfirstimplementedin1990,which
wassupposedtounleashuniversalattitudesofself-responsibilityunderthepres-
sureofstimuliresultingfromthecombinationofneoliberal,standardandrestrictive
macroeconomicpolicywithshockingderegulationoftheeconomy.However,thisre-
sultedinhighsocialcosts,enclave-likedevelopmentandostensibleparticipationfor
theempowermentofsociety.Thereactiontotheseproblemsareideasderived
fromtheconservativeideaofcontinuityandchangeinordertoachieveabasiccon-
sensusbyreferringtopro-socialandindependentdevelopmentprogramspostulatedin
theSecondPolishRepublic,aswellaswaysofimplementingthem.Tracesofthisare
clearlyvisibleinthecurrentlyimplementedGStrategyforResponsibleDevelopment”.
Thejubileeyear2018,markingthecentenaryofPolandregainingitsindepend-
ence,isagoodopportunityforunbiasedlearningfromourbeautiful,butatthesame
timesoverydramatichistory.Thatiswhy,inthismonograph,thesehistorylessons
arequotedandanalysedfromtheperspectiveofintegrateddevelopment,under-
stoodasthepurposeandsenseofexistenceandactionofeveryhumanbeing,which
isexpressedinthenaturalpursuitofusingone’sownpotentialandenvironmen-
talresourcestorealisethefunctionsofdevelopmentgoalsinasustainablemanner,
appropriateforallspheresofhumanexistenceandaction.
Outofnecessity,weareforcedtorelyonofficialstatistics.However,wealsorefer
tofactsthatarenotsubjecttostatisticsandthecircumstancesinwhichdevelopment