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Self-DeterminationSecession
Recognition(Remarks
ontheInternationalLegal
BackgroundtotheIncorporation
ofCrimeaintotheRussian
Federation)
WładysławCzapliński
*
doi:10.7366/9014Crimea2
Introduction
ThepeninsulaofCrimeawasincorporatedintotheRussian
Empirein1802.Inthemid-19thcenturyitbecameone
ofthemostimportantmilitaryareasofRussia,and
itdevelopedsimultaneouslyintoafavouriteholidayresort
oftheRussianaristocracy,thewealthyingeneral,and
artists.TheinfluxofnativeRussiansandemigration
ofMuslimTatarstoTurkeymodifiedthestructure
ofthepopulationofwhatwasstillthentermed“the”Crimea,
withtheproportionofthepopulationthatwasRussian
reachingsome40%.UndertheSovietgovernment,
theregionofCrimeawasgrantedautonomy.However,mass
deportationstoCentralAsiaofCrimeanTatarsaccused
ofcollaborationwiththeGermanOccupantsduring
WW2changedthearea’sdemographyonceagain:out
of1.2millioninhabitantsatthebeginningofthe1950s,more
than71%wereRussiansand22%Ukrainians.
ThedecreeoftheSupremeSovietoftheUSSR
of19February1954transferred(“gifted”)theadministration
oftheCrimeatotheUkrainianSSRfromthatofRussia.
However,thatdidlittletochangethesituationofthelocal
population,asitwasonlyinthemid-1980s,atthetime
ofGorbachev’s
perestroika
,thatTatarswereallowed
toreturntotheirformersettlements.Thedismemberment
oftheUSSRintensifiedamovementaimedatgrantingfar-
reachingautonomytotheCrimeanregion.Alawpassed