Towards the Modern Theory of Motion

Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8220-328-8

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Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Rok wydania:

2020

Liczba stron:

460

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Jung, Elżbieta; Podkoński, Robert. Towards the Modern Theory of Motion. Red. . Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020, 460 s. ISBN 978-83-8220-328-8

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Jung, E.

A1 Podkoński, R.

T1 Towards the Modern Theory of Motion

PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

PP Łódź

YR 2020

SN 978-83-8220-328-8

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 241395, author = "Jung, Elżbieta and Podkoński, Robert", editor = "", title = "Towards the Modern Theory of Motion", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego", year = "2020", address = "Łódź", isbn = "978-83-8220-328-8" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Jung, Elżbieta

AU - Podkoński, Robert

ED -

TI - Towards the Modern Theory of Motion

PB - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

CY - Łódź

PY - 2020

SN - 978-83-8220-328-8

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Jung, Elżbieta; Podkoński, Robert. Towards the Modern Theory of Motion [baza danych online] Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2020 [dostęp: 09 07 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/towards-the-modern-theory-of-motion-elzbieta-jung-robert-241395.

Oxford Calculators’, Natural Philosophy, Aristotle’s philosophy, Richard Kilvington, William Heytesbury, John Dumbleton

The problem of the continuity of science from the medieval to the modern times of the 17th century, when Galileo and Newton developed the correct theory of mechanics, occupied historians of science from the beginning of the 20th century. Some beli...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8220-328-8

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Rok wydania:

2020

Liczba stron:

460

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Preface7
Chapter I: Lives and Works of Oxford Calculators (Elżbieta Jung)11
1. Richard Kilvington13
2. Thomas Bradwardine18
3. William Heytesbury20
4. The Anonymous Author of the De sex inconvenientibus22
5. John Dumbleton29
6. Richard Swineshead31
1. Aristotle’s “Mathematical Physics”37
Chapter II: Theories of Local Motion before the Oxford Calculators (Elżbieta Jung)37
2. Theories of Motion in Arabic Medieval Philosophy43
3. The English Tradition in Mathematical Natural Science50
1. Richard Kilvington’s Theory of Local Motion57
Chapter III: Oxford Calculators on Local Motion (Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński)57
1.1. Motion with respect to its Causes58
1.1.1. An Excess of Acting Power over Resistance – the Condition Necessary for Motion59
1.1.2. Inalienable Conditions of Motion61
1.1.2a. How to “Measure” an Active Power?63
1.1.2b. How to “Measure” a Passive Power?65
1.1.3. The Result of Action of Powers – Speed of Motion67
1.2. Motion with respect to its Effect – the Distances Traversed and Time79
2. Thomas Bradwardine’s Treatise on Local Motion82
3. William Heytesbury’s Contribution to the Oxford Calculators’ Science of Local Motion87
4. The Theory of Motion in the Anonymous Treatise: De sex inconvenientibus93
4.1. The Causes of Accelerated Motion99
4.2. The Motion of a Sphere101
4.3. The Mean Speed Theorem104
5. John Dumbleton on Local Motion112
5.1. The Mean Speed Theorem124
6. Richard Swineshead’s Speculative Science of Local Motion125
Chapter IV: Towards Modern Mechanics? (Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński)159
The Novelty of Medieval Mechanics vis-à-vis Aristotelian and Galileian Theories…184
Editions189
Introduction (Elżbieta Jung, Joanna Papiernik, Robert Podkoński)191
1. Richard Kilvington’s Question Utrum potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae from His Quaestiones super libros Physicorum192
2. The Section De motu locali of William Heytesbury’s Regulae solvendi sphismata193
3. The Question Utrum in motu locali sit in certa servanda velocitas from the Anonymous Treatise de sex inconvenientibus201
4. Selected Fragments of Part III: De motu locali of John Dumbleton’s Summa logicae et philosophiae naturalis204
5. Presentation of the Texts – Editorial Rules, the Contents of apparati critici, and Abbreviations Used207
5.1. Richard Kilvington, Utrum in omni motu potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae208
5.2. William Heytesbury, De motu locali209
5.3. Anonymous, Utrum in motu locali sit certa servanda velocitas210
5.4. John Dumbleton, De motu locali210
Ricardus Kilvington, Utrum in omni motu potentia motoris excedit potentiam rei motae, Elżbieta Jung (ed.)213
Guilelmus Heytesbury, De motu locali, Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński (eds)267
Anonimus, Utrum in motu locali sit certa servanda velocitas, Joanna Papiernik (ed.)297
Johannes Dumbleton, De motu locali, Elżbieta Jung, Robert Podkoński (eds)391
Bibliography427
Index of Names447
Summary451

ChapterII

purposes-PhiloponusandhisfollowersconstructedanAristote-

lianulaw”ofmotion.Itexpressesmeanspeed(S)asafunctionof

force(F,whichisweightinthecaseoffreefallandtheresistance

ofthemedium(R):

S=F/R

Forontologicalandempiricalreasons,manyphysicistsofan-

tiquityandtheMiddleAgesreformulatedtherelationofthe

forceandtheresistance.Philoponus,inparticular,replacesthis

ulaw”heattributestoAristotlewithanotherone,whichdoes

notdividetheforcebytheresistancebutpostulatesthatthe

timetrequiredforanobjecttofallacertaindistancethrough

themediumwillbeinverselyproportionaltoitsweight(W),

plusacertaintime(x):

t=I/W+x

Itisonlythedeterminationofxthatthedensityofthemedium

playsarole.Thus,themeanspeedofafreefallisdirectlypropor-

tionaltotheweightofthebody,butisalsopartiallyinﬂuencedby

thedensityofthemedium.16

PhiloponuswasnottheonlyonewhotriedtoreformulatetheAris-

totelianulaw”.Theothertheories,knowntoAvicenna,suggestthattwo

bodies,suchasafeatherandastonewouldfallinavoidwiththesame

speed.Thisconclusionfollowsfromthebeliefthatabodycomposesof

atoms,whoseweightisthesame,andtheweightofaseparateatom-the

primarycauseofitsmotioninfreefall-inavoidwouldcausethesame

speed.Thedifferenceinthespeedsofdifferentbodiesresultsfrom

alesserorgreaterdensityofatoms.Lessdenselypackedatomshaveless

intenseaforcetocutthroughthemedium,and,thusthebodymoves

slower.Thefollowingulaw”isobtained:

16SeeM.Rashed,Naturalphilosohy,[in:]uTheCambridgeCompaniontoArabic

Philosophy”,P.Adamson,R.C.Taylor(eds),Cambridge2006,pp.295-296.See

alsoM.Wolff,uFallgesetzundMassbegriff”,Berlin1971;Idem,Philoponusand

theRiseofPreclassicalDynamics,[in:]uPhiloponusandtheRejectionofAristotelian

Science”,R.Sorabji(ed.),London1987,pp.125-160.

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