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JULIANOFNORWICH’SShewingS:TRANSLATIONASRE-VISION
bynewconstrualparametersinthetargetlanguageform(TLgram-
marandmeaningstructures),dińerentcontext(author/speaker-i.e.,
translator,time,place,addressee-TLaudience),butalsobrought
aboutbysubjectivepreferencesofthetranslatorinpickinguporde-
visingparticulartargetlanguageforms,whichdonotprofilethesame
entities,i.e.,donotidentifythemasfiguresagainstthebaseground
(seeLangacker1987,1991).Thetranslatorandtheirreaders’mental
spacesarepopulatedbycharactersbearingsomesemblancetothe
originalSLones,interactinginways,whichremindusofthesourcein-
teractions,butclearlyre-constructed.(Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk,22;
italicsoriginal)
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Onthewhole,CL-basedviewsofequivalencehighlightitsdynamicna-
ture,whichimpliestheapplicationoftwomainparameterstointerpret
thisnotion.Oneistheparameterofsimilarity/resemblancetotheorigi-
nal,ratherthanitsfaithfulness,andtheotheristhatoftheperlocutionary
efectsonthesource-andtarget-languagerecipients.
Withrespecttothewidenedunderstandingofwhatandwhoconsti-
tutesthecontextforthetranslationalusageevent,webringuptheidea
ofgroundedcognition.Althoughtheviewthatconceptualstructure
derivesfromhumanembodiedexperienceisnowwidelyheldasthe
cornerstoneof
CL
research,insomeofthecurrentstrainsofresearchinto
thehumanminditisassertedthatitisnotonlyourphysicalembodiment
thatgivesrisetoourconcepts.Apartfromthebody,thephysicaland
social-culturalenvironmentalsocontributetotheshapeofourcon-
ceptualisations,whichconstitutesanassumptionthatcanbesubsumed
undertheumbrellatermofgroundedcognition.Recently,ithasbeen
empiricallyshownthathumanconceptualknowledgecanberegarded
asgroundedinthatcognitionisshapedbythephysicalandsocio-cul-
turalcontextinwhichourmentalactivityoccurs(Barsalou2016),an
assumptionthatcangobeyondbutdoesnotprecludetheconception
ofembodiedcognition.
