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empiricalresearchwasnotanabsolutecognitivesuccessandthetheoriesitservedto
formulateoftendidnotgobeyondcommon-sensestatements.Thisstateofaffairswas
determinedbytheveryformofthekeyquestionofvictimology:whoandwhymost
oftenbecomesthevictimofcrime?Thisisaquestionwithmanypossibleanswers.Due
totheextremeheterogeneityofthesetofvictimsofcrime,itisabsolutelyimpossible
toestablishanycharacteristicsspecificonlytothevictims.Allthecharacteristicsof
thevictimsidentifiedbyvictimologyare,unfortunately,thesamecharacteristicswith
whichcriminologydescribesperpetrators.Therearethesamecharacteristicsfound
inallkindsofstudiesonsocialphenomena.Followingjournalisticdescriptionsof
crimeonadailybasis,onefindsnotonlyrelationships,butalsointerpretations.The
tragedyoffamilylifeisrevealedtous.Thereadershavethechancetoactasaccusers,
defenders,andvictims.Itisverydifficulttoimaginefacingsuchasituationandnot
havinganythingtosay,nothavingone’sowncriminologicalandvictimologicaltheo-
ries.Inmanycases,closerelationshipsexistbetweenthevictimandtheperpetrator.
Aspecificsituationisconducivetothecommissionofthecrime.Criminologicaland
victimologicalliteratureislackinginanintegratedtheoryoftheperpetrator,thevictim,
andthesituation.Untilnow,theoriesofcriminalisationandvictimisationhavebeen
developedseparately.However,afullexplanationofthecrimemusttakeintoaccount
boththedecision-makingprocessoftheoffenderandeverydayactivitiesofanordi-
narycitizenwhichincreasetheprobabilityofbecomingavictimofcrime.Investigative
practiceshowsthatcertaingroupsofpeopleareparticularlypredestinedtotheroleof
victimsofcrime.However,thecoexistenceofseveralcausativeelementsintheconduct
ofthevictimdoesnotdeterminewhetherandtowhatextentculpableconductcanbe
attributedtothevictim,andinparticular,whetherthepostulatedprecautiononthe
partofthevictimwouldhavepreventedthecrime.Mostvictimologistsfeelakindof
justifiableanxietyovertheirresearch.Ontheonehand,theconceptofthevictimitself
evokescompassion,willingnesstohelp,readinesstofightthecauseofsuffering,con-
demnationofthetormentor,etc.,butontheotherhand,thevictimisblamed,madean
indirectperpetratorofthecrimeoroffence,andaccusedofprovocation.
Chapter7dealswiththevictimisationaspectsofterroristcrime.Expertsindicate
thatonecommonlyunderestimatedthreatisthepossibilitythatterroristsmightuse
biologicalweapons.Onepathogenthatismentionedinthiscontextisyersiniapestis,
whichwasdeclaredthelargestbiologicalthreattodatebytheWorldHealthOrganisation
inearly2017.Thereisasystematicallygrowingsenseofpersonalthreatfromterrorist
attacks.Itissignificantthatsuchconcernsareexpressedequallybywomenandmen,
residentsofvillagesandtowns,youngandoldpeople,irrespectiveofeducation.Itcan
beexpectedthatthefearofterroristattackswillintensifydespitethespectacularmilitary
successachievedinthedirectfightagainstterroristsandtheirsupporters.
Anotherimportanttopictodayisdrug-relatedcrime,whichisdiscussedin
Chapter8.Thethreatassociatedwithproductionaswellasdistributionofsynthetic
drugs(suchasamphetamine)remainsconsistentlyhigh.InPoland,animportantevent
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