Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
inthisregardwasthecreationofaretailnetworkprovidingaccesstosubstancesaffecting
thecentralnervoussystem-theso-calledlegalhighsorboosters.Suchagentsare
mainlyproducedtobypasstheexistingdrugbans,hencetheirchemicalcomposition
isconstantlyevolving.Furthermore,themanufacturersofsuchagentsdonotnormally
specifytheirfullchemicalcomposition.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofnumerous
newpsychoactivesubstancesinmanycountries,thereisnolegislationtoeffectively
controlorbantheirdistribution.Ithasbeencommonfortheproducersoftheseagents
inmanycountriestoreactrapidlytothebansthathavejustbeenimposed.
Inthetwenty-firstcentury,humantraffickingisconsideredthecrimewhichviolates
humanrightsthemost.Theworldisbecomingincreasinglyawareofthedangerposed
bythespreadofhumantrafficking.Newlawsarebeingcreatedagainsttraffickersand
recruiters.Newinstitutionsjointhefightagainstthecrime;trainingiscarriedoutfor
thePolice,BorderGuard,employeesofinstitutionsthatcomeincontactwithvictimsof
humantrafficking.Theactivitiesoftheauthoritiesandstateservicesaresupportedby
theknowledgeandexperienceofNGOs.Nevertheless,humantraffickingisstillano-
ticeablecriminalpractice.Chapter9identifiesitsconsequencesforthevictims,i.e.,its
negativeimpactontheirmental,emotional,andsocialcondition.Itcanalsoseriously
affecttheirphysicalhealth.Theymayspendyearsstrugglingwithdepression,anxi-
ety,lossofagency,aswellasthefearofsecondaryvictimisation.Foryears,themain
victimsoftraffickersinPolandwerewomenwhowereexploitedinthesexbusiness.
However,forsometimenow,achangehasbeentakingplace:withtheincreasingdemand
forcheaplabour,theproportionofmentraffickedforworkisincreasing.Thenature
oftheexploitationofvictimsandthegenderratioamongthevictimsischanging.
Undoubtedly,abuseofpower,whichisdiscussedinChapter10,isanextremely
wide-rangingproblem.Itmaybeunderstoodintwoways:firstly,astheuseofpower
toavoidlegalsanctionsbypersonsatahighlevelofthesocialoreconomichierarchy;
secondly,astheuseofpowerbyhigh-rankingpeopletoavoidlegalliabilityforacom-
moncrime.Abuseofpowerisaradicalmanifestationofthepathologyofpower.Itin-
cludesincompetence,theprioritisationofpartyandgroupinterestsoverthepublic
interest,clientelism,andcorruption.Nowadays,governmentsandNGOscanexert
pressureandpromoteviewsviatheInternet.Theuseoftheachievementsofmodern
technologymakescontrolovercitizenseasierthaninthepastcenturies.
Recently,massmediahavegivenmoreandmorecoveragetotheissueofsexual
abuseofchildren.Theinformationbroadcastonthistopicmainlyconcernsrarerphe-
nomenasuchaschildpornographyandchildprostitution,andspectacularcasesof
childsexualhomicide.Asaresult,everydayinstancesofsexualabuseofchildrenare
distortedandoverlooked.Thedistortionmaybeputrightbymoderncriminological
andvictimologicalstudies,whichcanprovideanup-to-datepresentationofthereality
ofthisdangerousphenomenon.TheresultsofthesestudiesarepresentedinChapter11,
brokendownintosubchapterswhichdescribetheextentofthephenomenon,focussing
ontheproblemofpaedophilia,thementalandphysicalstateofasexuallyabusedchild,
CriminalVictimology-abstract
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