Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
1.Occupationalsafety:towardssustainabilityintheworkplace
asfactorsimportantforbothindividualsandentiresocialgroupsand
nations.Ensuringthecontinuity,survival,anddevelopmentofanindi-
vidualandtheirenvironmentarebasicsafetyfunctions—theessenceof
safetyistoensuretheexistence(continuity)ofagivensubjectinnormal
situations,theirsurvival(indificult,crisissituations),anddevelopment
(innormalandcrisissituations)(Cieślarczyk,2009).Mostdefinitionsof
theconceptfocusonitsobjectiveandsubjectivedimensions.Initsobjec-
tivedimension,thestateofsafetyreferstothepresenceorabsenceofreal
threats,unrelatedtoone)sperception,whereasthesenseofsafetyrefers
tothesubjectivefactor,thatis,theawarenessoftheexistenceofthreats.
Subjectivesafetyańectsagivenindividualorentityintermsofthequal-
ityoftheirrelationswiththeenvironment,includingtheirattitudesand
behaviors,theshapingandmodificationoftheirstandards,aswellastheir
activitiesandcooperationwithotherentities.Inturn,theobjectiveas-
pectofsafetyshouldbeunderstoodas“safetyasitreallyis”(Cieslarczyk,
2009,p.131).Inthiscontext,theassumptionsmadebytheSwisspoliti-
calscientistDanielFreiareconsideredfundamentalinidentifyingand
understandingsafety.Teresearcherpresentedfoursituationsbasedon
objectiveandsubjectiveaspectsofthreatsandsafety:
-stateofinsecurity—inwhichthereisarealthreatanditisade-
quatelyperceived,
-stateofobsession—inwhichthereisaslightthreat,anditisinad-
equatelyperceivedaslarge,
-thestateoffalsesafety—inwhichthereisarealthreat,butitisper-
ceivedasminor,
-thestateofsafety—inwhichthereisaslightthreat,anditisper-
ceivedcorrectly(Frei,1977).
Teconceptofsafetyconsistsofmeasurable(objective)andnon-
measurable(subjective)elements,thelatteridentifiedwiththe“senseof
safety”(Misiuketal.,2021,p.37).Fromanobjectiveperspective,safety
isdescribedassomethingexternaltoapersonandofenreferstotheir
existence(qualityoflife)andthreatsestimatedbymeasurableindica-
tors;thisobjectivesafetyisdefinedbyobjectiveparameters(indicators).
Boththestateofobjectivesafetyandthesubjectiveperceptionthereof,
determinethesafetyofanindividual.Tesestates,aswellasprocesses
occurringintheirenvironment,canańecteachother,bothpositivelyand
16
