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1.1.Contemporarydefnitionsandunderstandingofsafety:contextsandcontroversies
-inapositivesense,safetyisshaped(andcurrentlythatmeans
strengthenedratherthanmerelyperpetuated,whichisintended
toassumethefreedomofongoinggeopoliticalchanges).
Safety,likemanyothertheoreticalcategoriesinthesocialsciences,does
nothaveasingle,coherentresearchapproach.Itispresentedindińerent
contexts,aspects,dimensions,andperspectives.Terefore,thetypology
ofsafetyasasocialphenomenonmustnecessarilybebasedonvarious
classificationcriteria.Tus,thesubjectiveclassificationofsafetyisaclas-
sificationofagivensubject,towhichtheconceptofsafetyisapplied.Te
termsecuritysubjectshouldbeunderstoodassomeoneorsomethingto
whomsecurityrelates.Itcanbeasingleperson,butalsoasocialgroup,
alocalcommunity,oranentirenation(Cieślarczyk,2014).Althoughlit-
eratureonthetopicusessuchconceptsaspersonal,local,national,and
internationalsecurity,itisalsoworthconsideringsubjectssuchastrans-
nationalcorporationsorinternationalorganizations.Itispossible,em-
phasizesCieślarczyk,thatinthelongerterm,ecosystemsandeventhe
specieshomosapienswillbethusdefinedsubjects(Cieślarczyk,2014).4
Koniecznyrepresentsaninterestingapproachtotheissue,recognizing
thatthistypeofsubject,tofulfillthedefinition,shouldhaveaclearly
shapedaxiology,acertainresourceoftangibleandintangibleassets,and
theabilitytomakeandimplementdecisionsthatarebeneficialfromthe
pointofviewofacceptedvalues(Konieczny,2012).
Anotherobjectivesafetycriterionallowsfortheseparationofthemili-
tary,economic,ecological,cultural,political,energy,IT,andsocialsecu-
rity.Intermsofthelatter,Wróblewskinotedthedińerencebetweenthe
categoryofsocialprotectionandsocialsecurity(Wróblewski,2017).Te
firstcategoryconcernsthestate)sabilitytoensureaminimumstandard
ofliving,thesecondconcernsbroadlyunderstoodproblemsofworkand
inparticularthestate)sabilitytoprovidecitizenswithjobsecurity(in
conditionsofavariablecareer),accesstoeńectivelymanagededucation
andhealthprotection,aswellasapensiondependingonseniorityand
contributions.Ontheotherhand,socialsecurity(andsocialsafety),al-
4AccordingtoMarianCieślarczyk,importantobjectsintheareaoftheso-called
criticalinfrastructurecanalsobeconsideredassecurityentities(insomesitu-
ations),andinthelongertermitispossiblethatsecurityentitieswillbeecosys-
temsandeventhehomosapiensspecies.
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