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12
Introduction
theWesternapproachtowardswhatworksandwhatdoesnotintheprocessof
economicdevelopment.Basedonthechangingparadigminmainstreameconomic
thinkingontheprocessofdevelopment,policiesandrecommendationswere
formulatedandimplementedorsometimesimposedonrecipientgovernmentshardly
capableofobtainingothersourceoffinance.
Withthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thestatusquointheglobalarchitecture
ofdevelopmentassistancebegantochange,duetore-appearanceofanewgroupof
actors,so-called‘emergingdonors’andarapidgrowthoftheirshareinglobalflows
ofconcessionalresources.Thesedonorsareastronglyinconsistentgroup,composed
ofavarietyofcountries,withdifferentaspirations,background,motivationsand
patternsofprovidedassistance.Thesedonorsinclude,interalia,emergingpowers
suchasChina,BrazilandIndia,oil-exportingArabstates,Turkey,Venezuela,and
thenewEUmemberstates.SomeofthosecountriessuchasChinaandIndiahave
beenconstantlydeliveringdevelopmentassistancesincethe1960sandbynomeans
shouldbeperceivedasnewactors.However,duetothefactthatassistanceprovided
bythosecountriesduringtheColdWarperiodandinthe1990swasmarginalin
comparisontoforeignaidvolumesofindustrializedWesternnations,the
contemporarysharpincreaseintheiraidvolumeslargelyattractedtheattentionof
Westernscholarsanddonorcommunity.
Therenewedprogrammesofforeignassistanceundertakenbyleadingdeveloping
nationshavebeenadimensionofawiderphenomenoninglobaleconomicrelations
-arejuvenationofSouth-Southeconomicco-operation.Theideaofsolidarity
betweendevelopingcountries,stronginthefirstdecadesoftheUN,fadedwiththe
courseoftime,internaldisputesandunsuccessfulprojectssuchasSUNFEDorNIEO.
CurrentlySouth-Southco-operationisgoingthroughrejuvenation,withnew
internationalfora,suchasIBSAandBRICS,andregionaleconomicintegration
institutions(likeSAARCorALADI),substitutingthehistoricalroleofG-77orNAM.
ThepresentbookfocusesonIndiaasacountryexampleofaso-called‘emerging
donor.’India’sforeignassistanceactivitieswereinitiatedsoonafterthecountry’s
independencein1947andcontinuedoverthewholeColdWarperiod.However,in
the1980sthebalanceofpaymentdifficultiesforceddownscalingofthecountry’s
foreignassistanceactivitiestoamarginallevel.Afteradoptingthepackageof
economicreformsatthebeginningofthe1990s,andthenearlyten-year-long
economictransition,Indiabegantorevitalizeitsaidprogrammes,startingfromthe
2003-04budget.Theadministrationreform,massiveincreaseoffundingforaid-
relatedactivitiesabroad,increasedcountrypresence,andnewinstrumentsofaid
provisionaretheclearmanifestationoftherejuvenation.
Themainobjectiveofthepresentworkwastocomprehensivelyportrayand
determinetheoverallimpactofIndiaonglobalaidrelations.Thecontributionof
Indiatothedevelopmentdiscourseandpracticewasexaminedtakinginto
considerationthreedimensions:(1)thecontributionofIndianscholarstothetheory
ofdevelopmenteconomicsandtheperceptionoftheroleofforeignassistanceinthe