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14
Introduction
Researchobjectivesandhypotheses
Teproblemsconcerningchangesinintra-industryspecialisationandstructural
adaptationintheprocessofregionaleconomicintegrationoftheEU-10aswellas
theirimpactontheeconomiccompetitivenessoftheNMSservedasthebasisfor
determiningtheresearchobjectivesoftheinvestigationpresented.Temainobjective
isanattempttoevaluatetheroleofintra-industrytradeinshapingtheeconomic
competitivenessoftheNMSoftheEU.Moredetailsareprovidedbythefollowing
fourancillaryobjectives:[1]identificationofthesubstanceofthephenomenonof
intra-industrytradeasadeterminantofinternationaleconomiccompetitiveness;
[2]empiricalanalysisofthemaindevelopmenttrendsintheintra-industrytradeof
theEU-10withtheEU-15andassessmentoftheireconomiccompetitivenessinthe
SEMintermsofcomplementarityandsubstitution;[3]indicationofpossibleareas
forintensificationoftradebyobservingtheintra-industrycompetitivenessofthe
NMSbyindustry;[4]assessmentofpossiblefurtherdevelopmentoftheeconomic
competitivenessoftheotherCEEcountries(aspiringtoEUmembership)inthe
contextoftheexperiencesoftheEU-10intheiradjustmentstotheinternalsingle
marketoftheEU.
Teobjectivesarelinkedwiththefollowingresearchhypotheses:
memainhypothesis:changesinintra-industryspecialisationinthetradeofthe
newEUMemberStatesreflectstructuraltransformationsinfluencingtheireconomic
competitiveness.
meancillaryhypotheses:[1]structuraleconomiccompetitivenessexpressedas
theshareofintra-industrytradeisimportantonaccountofrealadjustmentstothe
singleEUmarket;[2]theintensificationofintra-industryspecialisationininter-
nationaltrade,thusincreasedeconomicsubstitution,issettogrowintheinternal
singlemarketastheadvancedphaseofeconomicintegration;[3]intra-industry
tradeisamajorfactorshapingtheprocessesoffurtherregionalintegrationand
tradeliberalisationintheenlargedEU.
Researchmethods
Tetheoreticalpart(Chapters1and2)mainlydrawsonsecondarysources-books
andarticlespublishedinbothPolishandforeignjournals,inPolishandinEnglish.
Terefore,thetheoreticalanalysisfocusedoninvestigatingavailablemonographs,
books,reviewarticlesandndingsfromstudiesconcerningtheoreticalandpractical
aspectsofintra-industrytrade,competitiveadvantage,regionaltradeliberalisation
andeconomiccompetitiveness.
ForthepurposeofillustratingtrendsintheforeigntradeoftheNMSin2004-
2015,Chapter3presentstheresultsofthecomparativeanalysisoftheEU-10econ-
omies.Tefollowingmethodswereemployed:[1]analysisofchangesindynamics
(e.g.ofinternaldemand,exportsandimports);[2]analysisofthegeographicand
productstructure,itschangesandthedistancebetweenstructuresofacertaintype