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Introduction
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(theEuclideandistance,comparisoninthebreakdownintomainSITCcommodity
groups,changesofsharesinimportsandexportsofmanufacturedgoodsclassified
byfactorinputs,examinationofthestructureoftradeinnalgoodsandinterme-
diates);[3]classificationofcountriesbyshareinworldtrade;[4]examinationof
theopennessofeconomies(accordingtoanindicatormeasuringtradeasashareof
grossdomesticproduct);[5]analysisofgeographicandproductconcentration(the
H-H,theshareofthetopvecommoditygroupsintotaltrade);[6]examination
offoreigntradespecialisation(e.g.analysingthestructureofcommoditygroupsin
relationtotherevealedcomparativeadvantageindex).
Temainempiricalanalysisaimstoexaminebasicdevelopmenttrendsinthe
intra-industrytradeoftheNMS(Chapter4),takingaccountoftheroleofparticular
industries(Chapter5).Teexaminationcovers,interalia,ananalysisofchangesof
intra-industrytradeintensityintheEU-10,ananalysisofIITintradewiththemain
groupsofpartnersandananalysisofintra-industrytradeindicesinthetradeof
nalgoodsandsemi-finishedproducts.Temethodsusedinbothanalysesinclude
ananalysisofchangesinintra-industrytradeintensity(theGrubel-Lloydindex)
andanexaminationofthepriceandqualitystructureofintra-industrytrade,i.e.
analysisofthespecifictypesoftwo-waytrade(horizontalintra-industrytrade,and
lowandhighqualityverticalintra-industrytrade,usingthemethoddeveloped
byGreenaway,HineandMilner[1995]-theGHMindexmeasuringtheshareof
particulartypesofIITinoveralltrade).
Compositionofthepublication
Chapter1presentstheoreticalaspectsrelatedtothephenomenonofinternational
economiccompetitiveness.Startingfromthecompetitivenesstheoryfundamentals,
theanalysisisrstbasedonconsiderationsregardingthesubstanceandimportance
ofcompetitivenessinrelationtotheevolutionofeconomicthoughtandtheories.
Tosearefollowedbyanexaminationoftheinterrelationsbetweenelementsof
internationalcompetitiveability.Anotherstageofconsiderationsconcernedthe
developmentofthedefinitionofinternationalcompetitivenessofcountriesand
selectedmethodologicalaspectsofcompetitivenessmodellingaswellasanalysingthe
factorsofcompetitiveness.Anattemptisalsomadetoclassifyandassessthemain
measuresofinternationalcompetitivenessandcompetitivepositionsofeconomies,
withaspecialemphasisontheroleofintra-industrytrademeasures.
Chapter2aimstopresentthephenomenonofintra-industrytradeinthelight
ofinternationaltradetheories.Testartingpointisananalysisoftheintra-industry
tradetheoryfundamentalsanddescribingthecausesoftheintensificationoftwo-
waytrade.Next,thechapterpresentsthebenefitsofIITdevelopmentandoutlines
themainmethodologicalaspectsofmeasuringintra-industrytrade(traditional,
dynamicandcomplementarymeasuresrelatedtotypesofIIT).Further,itattemptsto
characterisethelinkagesbetweenregionalliberalisationoftradeandintra-industry