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Introduction
SincethisstudyissearchingfortheinfluenceofVedictraditiononearly
Smṛtithought,themeaningsoftermscharacteristicforthelaterclassical
schoolofSāṃkhyaattestedintheSómkhyakórikaorYogasdtrasuchaspurusa,
prakrti,orgunawillbeinterpretedagainstthisbackground.Weneedto
reconstructhowmeaningsaremotivatedbyitandreformattedbytheearly
SmṛtiComposersinordertocreatenewconceptsthatcouldexplaintheir
newtheories.Forexample,viewedfromthepointofviewofearliertradition
theconceptofprakrti,literally4makingorplacingbeforeoratfirst’used
incosmogonies,correspondstotheconceptoffoundation(pratisthó)that
inearlierthoughtisnecessaryforcreation(seeJurewicz2016/18).Inother
contexts,itreferstothemanifestaspectofreality.Italsomeansthenature
ofsomething.Asimilarproblemiswithtermsrelatedtoliberatingcognition,
suchasmanas(themind),dhyóna(thoughtfulconcentration)orsamódhi
(focusedconcentration)asthesetermsdonothavethesamemeaningasthey
dointheclassicalSāṃkhyaandYogaschools.
TheComposersusemorespecificsourcedomainswhichmightimplydualistic
assumptionsbutneverthelesssuchanassumptionwouldruncountertothe
presentationofthecreationoftheworldseenastransformationofonerealityand
thestateofultimatefreedomseenastherealisationofastateofontologicalunity.
Asmentionedpreviouslyeachconceptualmetaphorhighlightssomeelementsof
thetargetdomainandhidesothers.Typically,ourprototypicalunderstandingof
thesourcedomainmapsthesefeaturesintothetargetdomain.Thesourceone
hasinmindarethosewhichexpressrelationshipsbetweentheking-hissubjects,
thefarmer-hisfield,spider-itsthread,fish-waterandamosquito-anUdumbara
treewhichareusedtopresenttherelationshipbetweenthehighestcognitive
agentanditsmanifestationsinthecosmosandinman.WhenComposersactivate
thesemetaphors,theyusetheworldanyawhichmeans4other,different’.And
hereemergestheproblemofinterpretationastoinwhatwayissomethingis
differentfromsomethingelse.Formanyofustheprototypicalfeatureofthe
relationshipbetweentheelementsofthesourcedomainsmentionedabovewould
bethattheyaredifferentobjects,sothatthereisanontologicaldifferencebetween
them.Yettheprototypicalfeatureofthisrelationshipcouldbeadifferencein
theiractivityandtheirmutualinterconnection.Arguably,thecontextsofthese
metaphorsandthegeneralcoherenceoftheexpositionallowsustoassume
thatthesefeaturesarehighlighted.ThewaytheSmṛtiComposersprofilethe
sourcedomainsisdifferentfromthewayWesternphilosophersorscholarsdo,
astheformertendtohighlighttherelationshipsbetweenobjectsandthelatter
thedifferencebetweenthem.80
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ThisisinlinewithcontemporaryresearchonthedifferencesbetweenEastandWest(Nisbett
2003).