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1111THECOMMUNICATIONPROCESSTHEESSENCE,ELEMENTSANDTHEIRMEANING
Duringthecommunicationprocess,somedisturbancesmayappear,inthetheory
ofcommunicationtheyarecalled“communicationnoise”(Shannon,Weaver1949).
Thesourceofcommunicationnoiseissometimesthecharacteristicsoftheprocess
participants(internalnoise),whichmostoftenrefertotheirattitudes,communication
skillsandprejudices.Forexample,interferenceontherecipient’ssidemayberelated
toexperience,aswellasattitudesconstitutingtheinterpretativecontextinrelationto
thereceivedmessage.
Inturn,externalinterference(externalnoise)ismostoftenrelatedtotheenvironment
inwhichcommunicationtakesplace(e.g.noise).Fromthepointofviewofcompanies
communicatingwithotherforeignentities,barriersanddisturbancesinthecommuni-
cationprocessinclude,apartfromverbalandnon-verballanguage,accesstothemedia,
governmentregulations,aswellaseconomic(e.g.developmental)andculturaldifferences
(Albaum,Duerr2011).
Aftersending,receivinganddecodingamessage,thereshouldbefeedbackintheform
ofaresponsefromtherecipient.Dependingontheaccuracyofthemessage,themeans
used,aswellastheoccurrenceofdisturbances,therecipient’sreactionmaybeimmediate,
delayedormaynotoccuratall.Animmediatereactionusuallyoccurswhentherecipient
hasheardorseenandunderstoodthemessagesentbythesenderandrespondedtoit.The
delayedresponseoccursinrelationtothedisturbancesdescribedaboveand,additionally,
thetimedelayinrelationtothemessagetransmission.Ofcourse,theremaybeasituation
wheretheanswerisinconsistentwiththenatureofthemessage,e.g.whentherecipient
seemstohaveunderstoodthemessageandsentaspecificresponse,howeverinternalor
externalnoisecausedincorrectanalysisandfeedback.Lackofresponseusuallyoccurs
whentherecipientdidnotreceivethemessage,didnotunderstanditatallordidnot
wanttogiveananswer.
Thecommunicationprocessisalsoinfluencedbythecontext,i.e.theconditions
inwhichittakesplace(Danaher,Rossiter2011;Wiktor2013).Duetoitscharacter,
thefollowingarementioned:physicalcontext(place,time,atmosphericconditions,etc.),
cultural(language,values,behavior,customs,religion),historical(pastsituations)aswell
aspsychological(perception,attitude,degreeofformalitybetweencommunicationpar-
ticipants).Theenvironmentaffectscommunication,waysoftransferringorexchanging
information,andthenatureoftheresponse1.
Theaboveanalysisregardingthemethodsofinterpretingandcharacterizingthecom-
municationprocessallowsindicatingseveralrelatedregularities(inthesourceliterature
referredtoascommunicationdefiningplatforms-Wiktor2013):
atleasttwoindividualsparticipateinthecommunicationprocessinaspecific
environmentandsocialcontext(Młynek2012,p.247);
1Theseissuesarediscussedingreaterdetailinthethirdchapter.
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