Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
16
AgostinoMassa
insuranceandprivatepracticeallowshospitalstomaintainindependence,
whilealsoreducinginternalcomplicationswithinsurancepolicies.
Lastbutnotleast,outofthemoredevelopedsocieties,mostofthe
world’s200othercountrieshavelittleornoestablishedhealthcaresystems.
IntheruralareasofIndia,China,AfricaandSouthAmerica,forinstance,itis
thereforenecessarytotakemoneyout-of-pocket,ifany,topayformedicines
oradoctor’sbill.Inthesecountries,uThosewhocan,oftensupplementthe
state’slimitedhealth,educationandsocialserviceswithremittancesfrom
familylivingabroad,”34acentralelement,aswehaveseen,oftheirresource
environment.
WithparticularregardtotheUS,thehealthcaresystemappearsvery
fragmented.Thatcountrycouldbeconsideredclosetothefirstmodelas
regardstreatmentofwarveterans(VeteransHealthAdministration),tothe
secondoneasregardsthosewhogetinsurancefromthejob,andtothethird
oneasregardscitizensovertheageof65(Medicare),whilethosewithout
anyformofcoveragehavetopaymedicalbillsout-of-pocketatthetimeof
treatment.35Uninsuredpersonsaccountedforabout13.0%oftheoverall
USpopulationin2015,butthispercentagevariedfromaslowas3.6%in
Massachusettstoashighas20.6%inTexas,36attheborderwithMexico.
Institutionsofthediplomaticnetworkasformalelements
oftransnationalmigrants’resourceenvironment:
thecaseofMexico
AfterageneraldescriptionoftheconceptofTSP
instrumentsandproceduresadoptedbyacountryinordertoprovideits
,wearesettofocusonthe
emigrantswithaccesstosometransnationalformsofhealthcareservices,relying
mainlyonitsdiplomaticnetwork.Asarelevantexample,particularattentionwill
bepaidtothecaseoftheconsularactivityofMexicoontheUSterritory.
34
P
.Levitt,J.Viterna,A.Mueller,C.Lloyd,Transnationalsocialprotection...,op.cit.,p.4.
35
SeeforinstanceforthedifferencesbetweentheUSAandSpainhealthcaresystemsand
theroleoftheirinstitutionsatsub-nationallevel:E.Dobbs,P
.Levitt,Themissinglink?The
roleofsub-nationalgovernanceintransnationalsocialprotections,uOxfordDevelopment
Studies”2017,45(1),pp.47-63.
36
Cf.M.Chung,Healthcarereform…,op.cit.
