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I.
Introductiontocommunicationadaptation
theory
GrażynaDemenko
1.
Conversationalinteractions
1.1.
Linguisticphoneticadaptation
Speechcommunicationisaseriesofdifferentlinguisticandnon-linguisticevents
relatedonthesender'ssidetothecreationofmessage,inthetransmissionchannel
toprovidingsignalandonthereceiver'ssidetodecodingandinterpretating
information.Untilrecently,speechwasconsideredasameansofcommunication
onlybetweenpeople.Currently,wecantalkabouttheuseofspeechfor
transmittingandprocessingmessagesinthehuman-machine,machine-human
dialoguesystems.Therefore,theissuesofverbalcommunicationarerecognized
inacharacteristicwaybydifferentfieldsofknowledge:(a)bycomputerscience
asawayofcodinginformation,(b)byphoneticsandacousticsassignal
transferringspecificphysicalandphoneticfeaturesofaseriesofverbalunits,
(c)bylinguisticsasamodellingoflanguagestructures,(d)bypsychologyin
relationtopara-linguisticandnon-linguisticaspectsofspeech,and
(e)byaudiologyandphoniatricsasaconversationalprocessanditsdisorders.
Asmoreandmorepublicationsindicate,therewillbenofurtherprogressin
languageprocessingandunderstandingbyhumansandalsobymachineswithout
comprehensiveresearchonspontaneous,expressivespeech,especiallyin
dialogue.Aconversationisaninteractive,dynamicprocessofinformation
exchange,mainlyverbal,conditionedbytheinvolvementofboththesenderand
thereceiveratmanydifferentlevels.Atanon-linguisticlevel,interlocutorscan
imitatethemselvesinmanyrespects(e.g.facialexpressions,expressionin
speech,behaviour),atthelinguisticlevel,themostnoticeablespeakermatching
referstoalllevels:lexical(thechoiceofwords),semanticandpragmatic
(theinterlocutorsusethesametermsandseeksimilarinterpretation),acoustic
(e.g.Lombardeffect)andphonetic(basedonsimilarpronunciation,prosody
patterns,conversationstructure).
Theform,level,contentanddegreeofinteractiondependonmanyfactors,
mainlythecommunicationsituation,theaimoftheconversationandthe
relationshipbetweentheinterlocutors.Thebasicassumptionisthatpeopleintend
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