Polish and English diminutives in literary translation: Pragmatic and cross-cultural perspectives

Paulina Biały

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8012-939-9

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Uniwersytet Śląski

Rok wydania:

2017

Liczba stron:

210

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Biały, Paulina. Polish and English diminutives in literary translation: Pragmatic and cross-cultural perspectives. Red. . Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski, 2017, 210 s. ISBN 978-83-8012-939-9

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Biały, P.

T1 Polish and English diminutives in literary translation: Pragmatic and cross-cultural perspectives

PB Uniwersytet Śląski

PP Katowice

YR 2017

SN 978-83-8012-939-9

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 180487, author = "Biały, Paulina", editor = "", title = "Polish and English diminutives in literary translation: Pragmatic and cross-cultural perspectives", publisher = "Uniwersytet Śląski", year = "2017", address = "Katowice", isbn = "978-83-8012-939-9" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Biały, Paulina

ED -

TI - Polish and English diminutives in literary translation: Pragmatic and cross-cultural perspectives

PB - Uniwersytet Śląski

CY - Katowice

PY - 2017

SN - 978-83-8012-939-9

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Biały, Paulina. Polish and English diminutives in literary translation: Pragmatic and cross-cultural perspectives [baza danych online] Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski, 2017 [dostęp: 08 05 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/polish-and-english-diminutives-in-literary-translation-pragmatic-and-paulina-bialy-180487.

kultura, pragmatyka, tłumaczenie, zdrobnienia

Książka dotyczy tłumaczenia zdrobnień z języka polskiego i angielskiego na, odpowiednio, angielski i polski. Autorka rozważa kontekst pragmatyczny, kulturowy i socjolingwistyczny używania zdrobnień w obu językach, a także omawia językowe możliwośc...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8012-939-9

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Uniwersytet Śląski

Rok wydania:

2017

Liczba stron:

210

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

ContentsIntroduction /9
1. Cultural influence on the usage of diminutives by the English and the Poles /13
1.1 The problem of the definition of culture /13
1.2 The interrelationship between culture and language /14
1.3 Translating languages—Translating cultures /14
1.4 The English and the Poles—Two different cultures, two different approaches to the use of diminutives /16
1.4.1 The individualistic culture of Englishmen and its influence on the presence of diminutives in their language /16
1.4.2 The collectivistic culture of Poles as a determinant of rich diminutive derivation in their language /18
1.4.2.1 The exaggerated use of diminutives in Polish—Its reasons and consequences /19
1.4.2.2 Diminutives as signs of infantilisation of Polish /20
2. Comparison of linguistic means used to create diminutives in English and Polish /23
2.1 Formation of diminutives in Polish /23
2.2 Formation of diminutives in English /28
3. Meanings of diminutives in English and Polish /31
3.1 Different approaches to the prototypical meaning of diminutives /32
3.2 The meanings of Polish diminutives /33
3.3 The meanings of English diminutives /39
4. Pragmatic functions of diminutives in language communication /45
4.1 Diminutives and their relation with the concepts of face and politeness /47
4.1.1 Leech’s Theory of Politeness /48
4.1.2 Brown and Levinson’s Theory of Politeness /49
4.2 Diminutives used in assertive acts /50
4.3 Diminutives used in directive acts /52
4.4 Diminutives used in commissive acts /54
4.5 Diminutives used in expressive acts /57
4.6 Diminutives used in vocative acts /59
5. Sociolinguistic contexts of using diminutives in Polish and English /65
5.1 Social context and its role in interpersonal communication /65
5.2 Social relationships and the use of particular linguistic forms /66
5.3 Classification of linguistic roles in conversation /67
5.3.1 Diminutives used in a situation when the status of interlocutors is equal /69
5.3.2 Diminutives used in a situation when the status of interlocutors is unequal /71
6. Diminutives in translation into English and Polish /75
6.1 The notion of untranslatability /75
6.2 Principles of translation /76
6.3 Levels of translation /78
6.4 Translation of culture /79
6.5 Difficulties in translation of diminutive forms /79
6.6 Compensation and explicitation in translating diminutives into Polish /81
6.7 Domestication and foreignisation in translating diminutives into Polish /83
7. The analysis of chosen examples from Polish and English literary texts and their translations /87
7.1 The chosen Polish literary texts and their translations into English /87
7.2 The chosen English literary texts and their translations into Polish /90
7.3 The analysis of diminutives and their translation in different semantic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic contexts /91
7.3.1 Translation of meanings of diminutives /91
7.3.1.1 Denotative meanings of diminutives /92
7.3.1.2 Connotative meanings of diminutives /107
7.3.1.3 Proverbs/sayings/fixed expressions /140
7.3.2 Translation of pragmatic functions of diminutives /143
7.3.2.1 Diminutives in assertive acts /143
7.3.2.2 Diminutives in directive acts /151
7.3.2.3 Diminutives in commissive acts /155
7.3.2.4 Diminutives in expressive acts /158
7.3.2.5 Diminutives in vocative acts /160
7.3.3 Translation of sociolinguistic contexts of using diminutives /164
8. Conclusions and final remarks /167
Books under analysis /187
References /189
List of figures /203
List of tables /205
Резюме /207

1.4TeEnglishandthePoles—Twodiferentculturesł

emotionsingeneral”.Polesareveryemotional,interestedintheinterlocutor’s

life,direct,andspontaneous.Lewandowski(2008:123)referstothemasanuin-

fantilenation”.Tehighlydevelopedsystemofdiminutiveformationreﬂects

thistheoryinthelanguage(Wierzbicka1985;Bogdanowska-Jakubowska2010:

184-185).InPolishculture,theneedforacceptanceandappreciationismore

importantthantheneedforautonomy.Tus,Poleshaveanorientationtowards

positivepoliteness(Jakubowska1999:33).

However,itmustbestatedthatPolescannottreatthemselvesassuperiorto

theEnglish.Beingmoreemotionalthanothersdoesnotnecessarilyhavetobe

perceivedasavirtue(Gawroński1928:217).FromEnglishpointofview,Polish

culturemayseemtobeexaggerated,toodirect,andimpolite(Duszak1998:272).

WhenitcomestothelanguageofPoles,incomparisonwithEnglishwhichis

consideredtobeupositivelyandexpresslymasculine”(Jespersen1972:2),itmay

beperceivedaschildishorfeminine.Everycultureisdiferentandhasitsown

normsandpatternswhichshouldberespected.

1.4.2.1TeexaggerateduseofdiminutivesinPolish—

Itsreasonsandconsequences

WhilelisteningtoeverydayconversationsofPoles,itcouldbeassumedthat

diminutivesaremorefrequentlyusedtoexpressspeaker’semotionalattitudeto-

wardstheworldhelshelivesinratherthantodenotethesmallnessofaphysi-

calentity(whichisconsideredbymostscholarsastheprototypicalmeaningof

diminutives,seealsoChapter3.1).Itwasobservedfortheﬁrsttimein1928by

Gawroński(1928:199,208),whowritesthatdiminutivemeaningsconcerning

emotionsareprevalentinlanguagesrichinexpressiveforms.Asanexamplehe

givestheexpressionanigrosikaCnotevenasinglepenny’—herethediminutive

formdoesnotexpresssmallnessbutratherintensiﬁcationofthespeaker’semo-

tions.Onaccountofsigniﬁcantemotionalvalueofdiminutives,Gawroński(1928:

209-211)listssomesituationsinwhichtheuseofthemismostcommon:

a)conversationswithchildren;

b)men’sattitudetowardswomen;

c)mutualrelationsbetweenlovers;

d)people’severydayconversations.

Polishbelongstothegroupoflanguageswhichareveryproductiveasfar

astheformationanduseofdiminutivesisconcerned(LiselingNilsson2012:

122),asitisoneofSlavoniclanguages,which,asGawroński(1928:202)writes,

containnumerousdiminutives(seealsoWędkiewicz1929).AccordingtoAnna

Wierzbicka(1999:164),thereasonforthisisthatPolishcultureisveryemotion-

al(seealsoLubecka2000:47;Bogdanowska-Jakubowska2010:184-185).Using

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Polish and English diminutives in literary translation: Pragmatic and cross-cultural perspectives

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