Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
withinthescopeofhisenterpriseandanotherisaconsumeraccept-
ingperformanceoftheentrepreneurforhisorherprivateuse.
Themethodofregulationofcommerciallawiscivilinna-
ture,whichmeansbothpartiestoatransactionareequal
fromthelegalpointofview.Thisprinciplehoweverisofteninca-
pableofbeingputintopractice,duetothenaturaleconomicalim-
balancesbetweenthepartiestoatransaction.Forthisreasoncon-
sumersareusuallyofferedlegalprotectionswithrespecttotheir
relationswithentrepreneurs.Thebasicsourceofthelegalrelations
incommerciallawisacontract,i.e.anagreementbetweenthepar-
tiesbasedonconsensualmanifestationsofintent.Insomeinstanc-
es,legalrelationsbetweenentrepreneursand/orbetweenentrepre-
neursandconsumersmayalsoarisefromthelegalspheresoftorts
andunjustenrichment.
2.SUBJECTIVEANDOBJECTIVEAPPROACH
Therearetwogeneralapproachestocommerciallawinthecon-
tinentalcountriesofWesternEurope.Thefirstisthesubjective
approachadoptedintheGermanCommercialCodefrom1897
(Handelgesetzbuch).Thebasicnotionunderlyingthisapproach
isthenotionofa(merchant’(inmodernlegallanguage-entrepre-
neur),i.e.apersonconductingactsaimedatmakingprofitsonhis/
herownbehalf.
ThesecondapproachisthatoftheRomanesquecountries,
aboveallthatadoptedbytheFrenchCommercialCodeofNapoleon
from1807.Thebasicnotionunderlyingthisapproachisthenotion
ofacommercialact(usuallyacontract)enteredintobyaprofes-
sionalmerchant.Thefocusisontheact,however,nottheperson
ofthemerchant.
ThePolishapproachisprobablymoreclosetotheGermanone,
butmaybealsoviewedasmixed.ThefirstmodernPolishlegalact
regulatingcommerciallawwasCommercialCodeof1934(the
DecreeofthePresidentof27June1934),whichwasdividedinto
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