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toaccountfortheirinterrelation.Liaoetal.(2015)appliedtheinstrumentalvari-
ableapproachandfoundthatobjectiveAPhasonlyanindirecteffectonSWB,
mediatedbyperceivedAP.Employingasimilarmethodology,GoetzkeandRave
(2015)showedthatperceivedAPisendogenoustoSWB,i.e.thatunhappypeople
aremorelikelytoreporthighpollution.Usingpathanalysis,Orruetal.(2018)
foundtheperceivedexposuretobeindependentfromthemeasuredAPlevel.
Thepurposeofthisarticleistocontributetothesescantandambiguousre-
searchfindingsbyfurtherexploringtheinterrelationofperceivedAPandob-
jectiveAPinthecontextofvariousSWBmeasures.Tothebestoftheauthor’s
knowledge,thisisalsothefirstattempttoinvestigatethistopicusingshort-term
APdata,reflectingthegrowinginterestinstudyingtheAP-SWBpathwaysre-
latedtoacutehealtheffectsandimmediatepsychologicalconsequences.Thus,
theresearchquestionsarethefollowing:
-WhatistheinfluenceofperceivedAPandshort-termvariationsinobjective
APonvariousSWBmeasures?
-DoestheperceivedAPmediatetheeffectofobjectiveAPonSWB?
-IsperceivedAPendogenoustotheSWBfunction?
Toanswerthesequestions,anoriginalCATIsurveywasconductedinWarsaw,
Poland,andasetofadvancedstatisticalmethodshasbeenappliedonthecol-
lecteddata.
3.Data
3.1.Studyarea
ThestudyareaislimitedtoTargówek,oneofthecitydistrictsofWarsaw,
withapopulationof124,000andanareaof24km2.Thedistrictissociallyand
spatiallydiverse,encompassingoldtenements,bighousingestatesconstructedin
thecommunistera,newlybuiltapartments,aswellassuburbanresidentialareas
dominatedbydetachedandsemi-detachedhouses;30%oftheareaiscoveredby
parksandurbanforests.
3.2.Surveydata
TheCATIsurveyfollowsarepeatedcross-sectionalstudydesign,matched
withanexogenouslychangingindependentvariable-objectiveAP.Thepurpose
istoassesstherelationshipbetweenperceivedAPandSWBatvaryingpollution
levels,andusingsuchdesignallowstoaccountfortheunobservableandtime-
invariantspatialcharacteristicscorrelatedwithpollution(Barrington-Leighetal.
2017;AlkonandWang2018).Intotal,3roundswerecompletedover9daysin
April2019,infixed6-hoursperiodscharacterisedbysignificantlyvariedAPlev-
els(see:Table1).Duringeachround,exactlythesamequestionnairewasapplied
atthe(new)representativesampleof125respondents,givingatotalsamplesize
of375respondents.TheSWBitemswereaskedatthebeginning,followedby
