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nohintsorhelpwithregardtothechoiceofaperspective7.Instead,people
areforcedtotakerisksanddecidebythemselveswhotheywanttobecome.
Oneconsequenceofsuchastateofaffairsisthefactthatastyleoflifecanbe
adoptednotbecauseofitsusefulnessbut,forexample,becauseofpopular
discoursewhichadvertisesmaterialityasthebasisforidentity.Thestyle
oflifeadoptedeventoasmallextent,determinesthefuturebiographiesof
people,makingthem,forexample,takecertaindecisions,liaisewith,ordis-
tancethemselvesfromcertainpeople(Bokszański,2005,p.268).
Basedoninternalframesofreference,individualprojectsplanninglifein
advancemayresultinthedisappearanceoftraditionalmorality,orcausethe
disappearanceofasingleandessentialistidentity.Otherpeoplemayfeature
inanindividual’slifeonlyinsofarastheyhappentofindthemselvesinthe
internallyreferencedplan.DirectedattheHcolonizationofthefuture”(Gid-
dens,2001,p.199),modernitycancontributetothedisappearanceofmoral-
ityineverydaylifeasmoralprinciplesstandinoppositiontorisktaking.
Suchastateofaffairshassignificantidentityconsequencesbecause,inthe
absenceofexternalmoralreferences,shameratherthanguiltseemstoplay
adominantrole.Thisisthecasebecauseguiltconnotesmoraltransgres-
sions,orproducesanxietyasaresultofmoralinfringementonexternalref-
erentialstandards,whereasshameimpliesnegativesocialreactionsorthe
shakingofone’sconfidenceinoneself(Bokszański,2005,pp.272-276),which
resultsinmoredegradationforanindividual.
Hence,thelatemodernconceptofidentityasareflexiveprojectvery
muchdependsonglobalfactors.Readingandmonitoringwhatishappening
inwidersocialcontexts,followedbymodificationsofbehavioursinaccor-
dancewiththesereadingsseemstobethecommonpractice.Thelatemod-
ernityworldhasliberatedanindividualfromtraditionalbonds,offering
amultitudeofoptionsforidentityformation,simultaneouslylinkingthem
tovariousprocessesandstructures,andfinallyproducingmultipleanddis-
cursivelyconstructedidentities.This,inturn,increasespossiblerisks,and
explainswhycalculationaspectsandcolonizationoffuturesaresoclearly
accentuatedintheprocessofidentitybuilding.
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7Marody(2014,p.111)claimsthatitisnotthepointthatthereusedtobelessinformation
inthepast.Accordingtoher,amonkfromtheMiddleAgeshadtoinvestalotofeffort
inmemorizingthenamesofsaintsandmartyrs.Whatmattersisthattheinformationto
bememorizedbyamediaevalmonkwascongruentwithhisvisionoftheworld.By
contrast,theexistenceofinnumerableoptionstodayunderminestheexistenceofone
coherentvision.Whatismore,evenknowledgeoftheoptionsoffersnoguidelinesasto
whichoptionisthebest.
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