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CHOSENMETHODSANDTECHNIQES…
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2.Websiteevaluationprocess
2.1.Organizingthewebsiteevaluation
Thewebsiteevaluationmaybeconductedinseveralways.According
totheobservationmodeltheevaluationisdonewithoutthefinalusersofthe
websitebutbasingontheprojectteamortheexpertsassessmentsofthesystem.
Oneoftheversionsoftheobservationmodelistheheuristicmethodinwhich
onlytheexpertsevaluatethewebsiteanditsutilityandfunctionalityaspects.
Theevaluationbasisonthepredefinedandcommonlyacceptedrules(bestprac-
tices)ofthewebsitedesigningandontheanalysisofthepossiblewaysofusing
thewebsitebyitsfinalusers.Itaimstosimulatethetypicalusageofthesystem,
thatcouldbedonebya“standarduser”.Heuristicevaluationcanhelptodetect
problemswiththeuseofwebsites.Incontrasttotheclassicfulltestsitallowsto
obtainavaluablefeedbackinashorttimeandforrelativelylowcosts.Itgives
thebesteffectswhenappliedfor[Kaus09]:
−
optimizingtheworkflow,
−
supportingthedesignoftheuserinterface,
−
understandingthegeneralutilitylevelofthewebsite.
Unfortunately,whenapplyingtheheuristicmethodtheresearcherscannot
besureofthecorrectnessoftheanswers.Itisbecausetheexpertsarenotthe
finalusersofthesystemsandtheymaybemisledbythegroup-thinkingeffect.
Anothermethodusedinwebsiteevaluationisalaboratorymethod.
Itrequirestheconductofseriesoftestsperformedbytherepresentativegroup
ofthewebsitefinalusers(e.g.,testswiththewebsurfers)orusingthebench-
markingapproach.Thetestsmaybedoneinalaboratoryordirectlyinthe
user’stypicalenvironment.Thesetestshelptooptimizetheuserinterfaceand
thekeyfunctionalitiesofthewholesystem.Themethodsthatrequiresfinal
usersfortestingthewebsitesarealsonamedtheempiricalmethods.Theygive
thegreatopportunitytoanalyzethetruebehaviorandreactionsofthefinalsys-
tem’suser,showingsimultaneouslythetypicalusecasesandallowingto
improvetheseelementinthebestpossibleway.
Tomeasurethespecifiedcharacteristicsofthewebsitesthetraditional
questionnairesmayalsobeused(e.g.,theuseandusefulnessquestionnaires,
pre-useandpost-usequestionnairesetc.).However,suchquestionnairesprovide
theresearcherswiththesubjectivedataonly.Whatismore,theusersmay
sometimespurposelymisleadtheresearchersbygivinguntrueanswers,that
correspondsnotwithevaluatedwebsitedirectly,butwiththeirvision(more
positiveornegative)ofthiswebsite.Thenoveltechniquesandmethodsare
developedtoeliminatesuchdisadvantages,liketheeye-tracking,whichderives
