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20
Preface:Onthesubjectandconceptsused
Chapter10
Thelifecourseperspectiveinsocial
andhealthpolicy
Teneedsandsocialproblemsanalysedinthebookareviewedfromthelifecourse
perspective.Thisapproachrequireddefiningthestagesofhumandevelopment.
Designationofsuchstages,usedinvariousdisciplinesofsocialsciences,doesnotgive
identicalclassifications.Theselectedclassificationallowsforindicatingspecific
(typical)socialproblemsandsocialrisksinthecourseoflife,whichareidentifable
inhealthsciencesandsocialpolicy,andthathaveaninstitutionalframework.
Fivepopulationgroupswereincluded:children,youth,youngadults,midlifepersons
andseniors.Additionally,internaldivisionsofthedistinguishedgroupshavebeen
utilized,whichfndjustifcation,atthesametime,inthebiologyofhumandevelop-
ment,thesocialgradationofsocialroles,andintheemergenceofoverwhelming
socialissuesagainstthebackgroundoffailurestosatisfyneedsspecifctogiven
periodsoflife.
Chapter20
Integrationandcoordinationofsocial
andhealthissues
Aferyearsofseparatingandundertakingdeepspecializationinalmosteveryareaof
life,thetimehascomeforagreaterunderstandingofthecombinedpartsasawhole
thatcanbefullyencompassandforwhichdirectionofitsdevelopmentcanbeindi-
cated.Connectingthesepartstakesvariousforms,bothstrongerandweaker:integra-
tion,coordination,andlinkages.Integrationinvolvescombiningseparateactivities
withinonelargesectoralorganization.Withinthehealthsector,thisincludesthecre-
ationofanorganizationforthetreatmentofaspecifcdisease(diseasemanagement)
orthecontinuityoftreatmentofapatientwithaspecifcdisease(casemanagement).
Coordinationgenerallyreferstothecollaborationofvariousorganizationsintheareas
ofgivenfunctions.Tisusuallyrequiresacoordinator.Finally,thelinkagesrelateto
lessinstitutionalizedactivitiesundertakeninconnectiontofreeinitiativesofexperts,
civicorganizations,variousself-governments,orpoliticalorganizations.Teyarise
(arecreated)inordertorecognize,compare,andanalysetheproblemsofsimilarinsti-
tutionslocatedinvarioussectorsandplaces.
Reformingsocialandhealthsystemstowardsintegration/coordinationofactivi-
tiesiscarriedoutalongwiththeprocessofdecentralizingpublicpolicies,including
socialandhealthservices.Thesetwotendencies,integration/coordination,both
rationalandsociallydesirableformanyreasons,requirereconciliation,whichisthe
biggestchallengeforthecurrentphaseofreformingpublicalairs.
