Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
intensifiesduringaneconomicrecession,whenitismorecommonforworkerstobe
abused,overloadedwithwork,orforcedtostayafterhourswithoutcompensation.Many
oftheseactivitiescantakeplaceineverydayinterpersonalcommunication(e.g.,when
someoneistreatedasiftheydidnotexist)orduringquarrels.Ifsuchabehaviouroccurs
frequentlyoveralongtime,itmaybereferredtoasmobbing.Mobbingisamultifaceted
phenomenoncausedbydifferentinterconnectedfactors.Forthepurposeofanalysisand
diagnosis,thefollowingmaybedistinguished:factorsresultingfromtheenvironment
oftheorganisation;intra-organisationalfactors;andfactorsrelatedtothevictimand
perpetratorofmobbing.Theoccurrenceofpersecutionisnotsignificantlyaffected
byworkexperienceorageofthevictimorperpetrator.Thesizeoftheorganisation
doesnotplayasignificantrole,either-mobbingisequallyoftenobservedinsmall,
medium,andlargeenterprises.Psychologically,mobbingresultsindisordersinthe
emotionalsphereandtheweakeningofmentalresistance.Thesocialconsequences
ofmobbingaresocialisolation,stigmatisation,voluntaryunemployment,andsocial
non-adaptation,whiletheeconomicconsequencesofmobbingforthevictimsinclude
poorworkperformanceandprolongedsickleaves.
Emotionalburnoutisoneoftheconsequencesofmobbing.Chapter21discusses
itsvictimologicalimplications.Themetaphorof“burnout”accuratelyreflectsthees-
senceoftheexhaustionexperiencedbyanindividualduetoseverelystressfulwork-
ingconditions.Thereareempiricalmodelsofburnout,whicharemultidimensional
andaccountforthreebasicproblems:emotionalexhaustion,depersonalisation,and
reducedsatisfactionwithprofessionalachievements.Professionalburnoutbeginsbe-
lowthesurface.Itsfirstindicatorsarefatigue,tension,irritability,andhyperactivity,
occurringincycles,withsignsofpsychophysicalexhaustion.Intime,chronictension
generatesalossofenergy,asenseofdiscouragement,andsymptomsofdepression
(onlyinrelationtotheprofessionalsphere).
Chapter22isdevotedtothevictimisationofchildrenandtheyoung.Although
childrenreceivesignificantattentionasvictimsofharmandcrime,thevictimologyof
thechildren)sageremainsanunderdevelopeddiscipline.Oneofthereasonsforthis
isthatprofessionalsaremoreinterestedinthedistincttypesofvictimisationtowhich
childrenaresubjected,suchassexualabuseorabduction,thaninseekinganintegrat-
edperspectiveontheproblem.Minorvictims,likewomeninthepast,havenotyet
becomeanobjectofinterestfortraditionalvictimology.Consideredasagroup,chil-
drenareexposedtoahigherriskofvictimisationthanadults.Thestudyaddressesthe
dangersofvictimisationofchildrenandtheyoungandemphasisesthethreatsminors
faceontheInternet.Italsopresentsavailabledefencetechniquesagainstthethreatsfor
parentsandteachers.Attentionisdrawntothefrequentlyoverlookedinterdependence
betweenunjustifiedabsencesfromschoolandvictimisation.
Thevictimisationofelderlypeopleisattheotherextremeasfarastheageofthe
victimsisconcerned.ThetopicisaddressedinChapter23.Theresultsofresearchon
thelifesituationofelderlypeopleinPolandshowthatthedepartinggenerationinour
SocialVictimology-abstract
23
