Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
Someaspectsofmoderntechnologyarementionedthroughoutthestudy.Chapter27
isdevotedtocyberstalking-definedastheuseofinformationtechnologytostalkand
harassindividuals.Thisharassmentmayincludeactivitiessuchasthetransmissionof
offensiveorharassingemailinformation,identitytheft,andthedestructionofdataor
devices.Theterms“cyberstalking”and“Internetharassment”areusedinterchangeably
becauseitappearsthatallformsofstalkingcontainelementsofthreatoraimtocause
sufferingtothevictim.Althoughstalkingandcyberstalkingarerelated,theseterms
arenotsynonymousandshouldnotbetreatedassuch.Cyberstalkingisassumedto
beanewformofdeviantbehaviourthatcanbedistinguishedfrom“simplestalking.”
Thevictimisationofpeoplesufferingfrompost-traumaticstressdisorderisaseparate
issue,andthewholeofChapter28isdevotedtoit.Overthepastfewdecades,anew
researchtrendhasemergedconcerningtheimpactofparticularlyseverestresson
thehumanpsyche.Itisreferredtoasextreme(traumatic)environmentalstress.This
stresscancauseprofoundandpermanentchangesinpsychologicalandphysiological
performance.Theestablishmentofpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)asadiagnostic
unithascreatedfavourableconditionsforunderstandinghowpeople)sbiological
performance,theirperceptionoftheworld,andpersonalityareinextricablyintertwined
withandshapedbylifeexperience.Invictimsofpost-traumaticstressdepression,
researchersobserveparadoxicalguilt,nightmarishdreams,anxiety,psychosomatic
disorders,recurringexperiencesofpanic-fear(pastthetimethatdangerisfeltas
current),chronicreactivedepression,changesincharacter,insomnia,andheadaches.
TheprobabilityofdevelopingPTSDincreaseswhendissociativereactionsoccurin
personsbeforetheyareinatraumaticsituation.
Chapter29concludestheextensivesecondpartofthestudydescribingthe
victimologyofsocialgroups.Unlikethepreviouschapters,whicharegenerallydevoted
tospecificgroupsofpeopleandthevictimisationtheyexperience,thelastchapter
providesbasicinformationonthemistreatmentofanimals.Certainadverseimpacts
onanimalsaresociallyandculturallyapproved(e.g.,formedicalresearch),makingit
difficulttodefinecruelty.Arrivingatadefinitionofanimalcrueltyisproblematicdue
tothreemainfactors.Firstly,someactionsharminganimalsaresociallyandculturally
sanctioned.Secondly,differentanimalspeciesareviewedindifferentways.Thirdly,
animalcrueltycantakemanyforms,fromteasingtotorture.Thedefinitionmost
commonlycitedincrueltyresearchdescribesthisphenomenonassociallyunacceptable
behaviourthatintentionallycausesunnecessarypain,suffering,anxiety,ordeathof
theanimal.ThesecondpartofthebookisnotactuallyclosedbyChapter29,butby
anextensivesupplementaryliterature.
SocialVictimology-abstract
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