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oftenplayperipheralrolesinvariousgroups,withnoneedtoconcentrate
theirattentiononunderstandingallmeaningsbutonlyonthosethatreally
mattertothem.
Thethirdmodeofbelongingalignmentsignifiestheperformanceofactivi-
tiesinaccordancewithbroaderstructuresandenterprisesandinvolvespower.
Inidentification,peopleassumeidentitiesthroughaffiliationwithagroup,and
evendevelopformsofallegiancetothepracticestheyareinvolvedin.Under
thecategoryofnegotiability,alignmentcangiverisetoHeconomiesofmean-
ing”(Wenger,1998),whichrefertotheunequalvaluesandstatusesascribed
tothemeaningsproducedbysomeindividualsinthegroup,ortoownership
ofmeanings,whichrefertothedegreetowhichindividualmembersofthe
communityappropriatecertainmeaningsandclaimthemforthemselves.
Wenger’s(1998)frameworkforunderstandinghowcommunitiesofprac-
ticeareformedandoperateshowshowprofessionalidentitycouldbecon-
stitutedthroughdegreesofteacherparticipationandengagementasmem-
bersofthevariouscommunitiesofpracticetowhichtheybelong.Thiscon-
ceptisimportantinthesensethatitunitesbothwhatispersonalandindi-
viduallycontributedby,forexample,anewcomerinateachingcommunity,
includinghisorhernon-participationandmarginality,andwhatissocial,
suchasthepracticesofthosewhoarerecognizedasestablishedmembersof
thecommunity.Ontheotherhand,Wenger’s(1998)modeliscriticisedfor
beingHbenign”(Trent,2015,p.50)whichfailstoadequatelyaddresstherole
ofconflictwithindifferentcommunitiesofpractice.
1.3.2Gee’s(2001)Identities
AccordingtoGee(2001,p.99),identityisbeingrecognizedasHacertainkind
ofperson”inagivencontext.Suggestinganotherfruitfulframeworkforre-
searchingidentity,Geeclaimsthatoneortheotheroffourperspectiveshave
beenparticularlyemphasizedingivensocieties.Thesefourperspectivesin-
cludethenatureperspective(theN-Identities),theinstitutionalperspective
(theI-Identities),thediscursiveperspective(theD-Identities),andtheaffinity
perspective(theA-Identities).
Thenatureperspectiveonidentitydrawsuponnatureanddevelopment
ratherthansociety.Thismeansthatnaturalidentityoccurswithoutthecon-
trolofsociety,isduetoaperson’sgenes,andshowswhatheorsheislike
becauseoftheirHnatures”(GeegivestheexampleofaHspleen”,p.102).
Suchpeoplearerecognizedbythemselvesandothers,andbecausesome
constitutiveaspectscanbelessmeaningful,naturalidentitiesHgaintheir
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