Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
Introduction
31
Miedzial.StefanOrlyk,landownerofSmolensk,whosebraveryandfidelitytothe
homelandpraisedtheConstitutionof1662.Fol.18.
15
Tus,theoldOrlykfamilyhadCzechandBelarusianroots.Natalia
Yakovenkowritesthat“Orlyk’sancestorswereCzechbarons;oneofhis
family’sbranchesmigratedtothePolishKingdomduringtheHussite
warsinthe15
th
centuryandlatersettledinwesternBelarus.”
16
Oleksandr
ReientandIhorKolyadapointtoagenealogicalmetricdrawnupin1747by
Hetman’sson.FieldMarshalofLouisXV,GrégoireOrlyk,wasconvinced
thattheirfamily’srootsgobackto1121.
17
Hisfather,StepanOrlyk,diedat51nearKhotyninthebattleagainst
theTurkson11November1673aspartofthePolish-Lithuanianarmy.
Hismother,IrynaMalakhovska,camefromanOrthodoxLithuanian-
-BelarusiannoblefamilyoftheHrymalcoatofarms.PylypOrlykwasborn
on11October1672(accordingtotheoldcalendar)inthevillageofKošuta,
Ashmyanycounty,Vilniusregion.Inlate1672orearly1673,according
totheOrthodoxrite,Orlykwasbaptised.Hewasprobablyfirsteducatedat
thelocalBasilianmonasteryschoolinKosuta,Belarus,andlaterstudiedat
theJesuitcollegeinVilnius.InhisbookWilnianie.Żywotysiedemnasto-
wieczne,DavidFrickdescribestheatmosphereofVilniusatthetime:
Orthodoxculturehadaparticularadvantageinthosedays;withthepassingof
KyivanRustoLithuanianrule,RutheniansbegantomovetoLithuania,bringing
withthemtheRuthenianlanguage,whichwastobecometheofciallanguageof
thecultureforalongtime.Ruthenianremainedthelanguageofthelanddecrees
andtribunalsoftheGrandDuchyofLithuaniauntil1696.
18
Itwasatthattime,inthelastdecadeofthe17
th
century,thatPylyp
OrlykstudiedwiththeJesuitsattheVilniuscollege:
Tus,thecityhasbeencharacterisedbythepresenceofRutheniancultureforquite
alongtime,andtheuseofofcialRuthenianwillremainasignofLithuanian
distinctivenesslongafertheelitestopsspeakingthislanguage.
19
15
HerbarzPolskiKaspraNiesieckiegoS.J.powiększonydodatkamizpóźniejszychautorów,
rękopismów,dowodówurzędowychiwydanyprzezJanaNep.Bobrowicza,vol.7,Lipsk1841,p.128.
16N.Jakowenko,HistoriaUkrainydo1795roku,trans.A.Babiak-Owad,K.Kotyńska,
Warszawa2011,p.417.
17See:o.Pеєнт,I.Kоляда,Ус.гетьманиУкра{ни,Xарк.;2008,p.297.
18D.Frick,“Wstęp,”in:Wilnianie.Żywotysiedemnastowieczne,ed.,introd.,andcom-
ment.byD.Frick,Warszawa2008,p.XVII.
19Ibidem,p.XVIII.
