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1.2Languagevariation:Register,dialect,sociolect,genreandstyle
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articles(Biber1994:34)ornovelswrittenbyJaneAusten(Biber,Conradand
Reppen2006[1998]:135).Intermediatelevels,asBibernotes,canalsobe
distinguished,e.g.theregisterofconversations,textbooks,novelsoressays(Biber
1994:34).Thus,ascanbeseen,theregistersvarybothincontentandform
(BiberandFinegan1994:4).Generalregisters,incontrasttospecializedones,
havefewspecifyingfeatures(BiberandConrad2009:32,cf.alsoBiber,Conrad
andReppen2006[1998]:158).
Thepresentbookisanexampleofthestudyofaspecializedregister:
theregisterofcomputer-relatedInternetforums.Additionally,asubgroupof
professionalregisterscanalsobesingledout:theregisterunderstudy,while
notbeingatypicalexampleofaprofessionalregister(formoreonthis,cf.
Section3.4.6),doescontainitsmanycharacteristicfeatures,suchastheuseof
specializedvocabulary.
Registersshouldbeclearlyseparatedfromdialects.Thelatterareconnected
eitherwithagivenlocationoragivendemographicgroup(e.g.agivensex,
agivensocialclass,etc.)(BiberandConrad2009:11).Inotherwords,dialects
areassociatedwithdifferentusers(i.e.speakergroups)whileregisterswith
differentsituationsofuse(BiberandFinegan1994:4,Ferguson1994:21-22,
Romaine2000:21,Biber,ConradandReppen2006[1998]:135,Biber,Connor
andUpton2007:8,BiberandConrad2009:264),cf.alsoHolmes(2013:vii),
whomakesadistinctionbetweenlanguagevariationwiththefocusonusers
(i.e.regionalandsocialdialects)andlanguagevariationwiththefocusonuses
(i.e.style,contextandregister).4
Sociolects(socialdialects)aresubtypesofdialects(thesecondsubtypebeing
regionaldialects);asociolectisdefinedbyCrystalas
alinguisticvariety[ś]definedonsocial(asopposedtoregional)grounds,e.g.
correlatingwithaparticularsocialclassoroccupationalgroup(Crystal2008:440)
[capitalsusedforcross-referencinghavebeenreplacedwithlowercaseletters].
AsimilardefinitioncanbefoundinGrabias,whodefinesthem(heusesthe
pluralformsocjolekty)as“odmianyjęzykauwarunkowaneistnieniempowiązanych
wrozmaitysposóbgrupspołecznych”[languagevarietiesconditionedbythe
existenceofsocialgroupsconnectedinvariousways
5](Grabias2003:81).The
languageofcomputerusersstudiedinthepresentbookshouldnot,intheview
ofthepresentauthor,beseenasasociolect(formoreonthis,cf.Section3.4.6).
Itisalsonecessarytomentiontherelatedconceptsofgenreandstyle.Genre
isoftenunderstoodinaverysimilarwaytoregister;ittendstoconcentrate,
4
Butcf.Wardhaugh,whodefinesregistersas“setsoflanguageitemsassociatedwithdiscrete
occupationalorsocialgroups”(Wardhaugh2006:52;cf.alsoWardhaughandFuller2015:53),
thusfocusingonusersratherthanuses.
5
Alltranslationsbythepresentauthor.
