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1.3ThenotionofInternetlanguageandInternetcommunication
21
generalizationisreallypossiblehereduetothediversificationofInternettexts(cf.
Grzenia2004a:22;formoreonInternetgenres,cf.Wyrwas2004b,Witosz2009,
Crystal2006,2011,Loewe2006,Grzenia2007,Yus2011,Żydek-Bednarczuk
2013).Crystal(2011:14)addsthatthedistinctionbetweenspokenandwritten
varietythatexistsinthecaseofInternetlanguagemayberealizeddifferently
thaninthecaseofnon-Internetlanguage(e.g.spokencommunicationusing
voicemessengerssuchasSkypeisdifferentthanface-to-facecommunication).
Consequently,someauthorsdonottreattheInternetlanguageasamixtureof
speechandwriting,butratherasacompletelynewvarietyoflanguage:Internet
languageorInternetPolish(cf.e.g.DunajandMycawka2009:71-72,Żydek-
Bednarczuk2013:458).
ThesecondfeatureofInternetlanguageisconnectedwithgeneral“linguistic
liberalism”;Godzic(2000)assertsthatthelinguisticprescriptiverulesconnected
withtheInternetareusuallyseenas“soft”ratherthan“hard”(incomparison
withtraditionallyprintedtexts).AsimilarviewisexpressedbyDunajand
Mycawka(2009:71-72),whomentioncertaininstabilityoflinguisticnormson
theInternet,andGajek(2006:315),whowritesaboutthedemocraticcharacter
ofelectronicmediumandnoovertcontrolovertextspublishedontheInternet.
Asaresult,thereisamuchgreaterdegreeoflinguisticfreedominthecaseof
textspublishedontheInternet.Thismayfacilitatetheemergenceofuntypical
constructions,includingnewsemanticloans,loantranslations,loanrenditions,
andsemi-calques.
Third,awholesetoffeaturestypicalforInternetcommunicationofthe
conversationalandemailtypecanbeenumerated.17Theyinclude,amongothers:
-intertextuality(hypertextuality18):many,ifnotmost,Internettextscontain
hyperlinkstoothertexts;thus,inaway,areaderbecomesacreatorofthe
finaltext(Burszta2001:137,Żydek-Bednarczuk2004:17,Witosz2009:24,
Crystal2011:28-29);
-interactivity:thetraditionalrelationshipbetweenawriterandareaderis
blurred,sinceareadermayactivelyparticipateinchangingthetexts,e.g.
byaddingone)sowncomments(Burszta2001:137,WarchalaandSkudrzyk
2010:106);
17
Additionally,cf.alsoSuler(2005),wholistsotherfeaturesof,ashecallsit,cyberspace.
Thesearenotdiscussedhereindetail,astheyarenotreallythefeaturesoftextsthemselves;
rather,thesearepsychologicalfeaturesofInternetcommunicationandlorself-presentationonthe
Internetingeneral.Theyinclude,amongothers,reducedsensations(wecannotseeperson)sfacial
expressionsorgestures),identityflexibility(anInternetusermayremainanonymousorpretendto
besomebodyelse),equalizedstatus,alsoknownasnetdemocracy(inthemajorityofcases,every
person,regardlessofstatus,gender,race,etc.“hasanequalopportunitytovoicehimorherself”)
ortranscendedspace(theunimportanceofgeographicalproximity).Someofthosefeaturesare
naturallyconnectedwithpurelylinguisticfeatures,cf.reducedsensationsfeatureentailsheavyuse
ofemoticons.
18
Fordetaileddefinitionsofhypertext,cf.Kaplan(1995),Loewe(2006:98-99).
