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1.2Languagevariation:Register,dialect,sociolect,genreandstyle
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beregardedastypicalornot.Inordertodetermineit,threemethodological
foundationsshouldbeconsidered(BiberandConrad2009:51-69).First,the
linguisticdescriptionofagivenregisterbecomesmuchmorecompleteand
effectivewhenitisdonecontrastively,i.e.involvescomparingatleasttwo
differentregisters7(cf.BiberandConrad2009:8,36,51-52);inotherwords,the
relativedistributionofagivenlinguisticfeatureisestablished(Biber1994:35).
Second,agivenregistershouldbeanalyzedquantitatively,asregistermarkers
(i.e.linguisticconstructionsthatappearinoneregisterbutnotinanyother
registers)arerare;consequently,alinguistisusuallyforcedtoconcentrateon
registerfeatures(i.e.elementsthatappearthroughoutatextfromagivenregister
andappearwithagreaterfrequencythaninotherregisters
8)thatmustbestudied
quantitatively.Oneofthechiefdifficultieshereistheconsistentclassificationof
linguisticfeatures(BiberandConrad2009:58-59).9Third,tostudyaregister,
ascholarneedsarepresentativesampleoftexts.Nowadays,itisoftenthecase
thatregistersarestudiedwiththehelpofspeciallydesignedcorpora.10General
linguisticdescriptionofInternetcommunication,includingInternetforums,is
providedinSection1.3.3.Specificdescriptionofcalquesandsemanticloansis
offeredinChapter4,whilesomecomparisonofthefindingsofthepresentstudy
withthestudiesofotherregistersisprovidedinChapter5.
Thelastperspective,functionalanalysis,is,inaway,thecombinationof
situationalandlinguisticanalysis.Itisconcernedwiththeexplanationofwhy
certainlinguisticfeaturesareparticularlycommonincertainsituationalcontexts
(fortheexampleofthistypeofanalysis,onthebasisofregistersoftextbooks
andclassroomteaching,cf.BiberandConrad2009:64-69).Certainobservations
inconnectionwiththepresentresearchcanbefoundinChapter2(Section
2.9.3)andChapter5.
7
Naturally,asBiberandConrad(2009:36)note,studiesonasingleregisterdoexistas
wellandare,infact,common(fornumerousexamples,cf.AtkinsonandBiber1994,Biberand
Conrad2009).
8
Thesemayincludee.g.characteristicbitsofsyntax,formulaicsentences,specialtermsfor
recurringobjects,etc.(Ferguson1994:20).
9
Thisisalsooneofthebiggestproblemsinthepresentstudy;formoreonthis,cf.Section
2.4.
10
Thisisalsothecaseofthepresentstudy;forthedescriptionofthepresentcorpus,cf.
Chapter3.
